Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.33-36
Y. Makuch, S. Moshkivska, V. Smih
Goal. Search and evaluate the effectiveness of herbicides and their compositions in chickpea crops. On the basis of research to prepare a comprehensive system of protection of chickpea crops from the presence of weeds, which ensures high yields and is economically and environmentally feasible in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The experiments were based on the following scheme: Factor A (weed protection): 1. Net control; 2. Harsh control; 3. Fabian, D.Sc. 0.1 kg/ha; 4. Bazagran, bp — 2.5 l/ha; 5. Reiser, k.e. 2.0 l/ha. Factor B (seeding rate): Seeding rate, thousand pieces / ha —500; 600; 700. Results. One way to increase the competition of chickpea plants with weeds can be to increase the stocking density of cultivated plants. It is also known that the combination of several methods of crop care contributes to the overall increase of their effect. By identifying a critical period of competitive interaction between chickpeas and weeds, it is possible to take action on the latter before they cause significant damage to the crop. Competitive reciprocity and harmfulness of weeds in chickpea crops is observed throughout the entire period of crop development. A significant decrease in productivity is observed in the presence of 10 weed plants per square meter. Increased weed density of up to 25 pc/m2 showed a 23.7% decrease in crop yield. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted researches it is possible to make a generalization that in the conditions of humus soils of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, when applying herbicides on chickpea crops, the best results in weed control were obtained with the introduction of Fabian, dr. application rate of 0.1 kg/ha and Bazagran, pp. 2.5 l/ha. The most favorable conditions of formation of biological productivity and realization of high level of productivity of chickpea plants are observed at the norms of sowing of seeds of 600 thousand pieces/ha.
的目标。寻找和评价鹰嘴豆作物除草剂及其成分的有效性。在研究制定鹰嘴豆作物免受杂草侵害的综合保护系统的基础上，该系统确保高产，在乌克兰右岸森林草原的条件下在经济和环境上都是可行的。方法。试验方案为:因子A(杂草防护):1;网络控制;2. 严厉的控制;3.Fabian, D.Sc. 0.1 kg/ha;4. Bazagran, bp - 2.5升/公顷;5. Reiser，也就是2.0升/公顷。因子B(播种率):播种率，千支/公顷-500;600;700. 结果。增加栽培植物的放养密度是增加鹰嘴豆与杂草竞争的一种方法。人们还知道，几种作物护理方法的结合有助于提高它们的总体效果。通过确定鹰嘴豆和杂草之间竞争相互作用的关键时期，可以在后者对作物造成重大损害之前对其采取行动。在鹰嘴豆作物的整个生育期，都观察到杂草的竞争互惠性和危害性。在每平方米种植10株杂草时，生产力显著下降。杂草密度增加到25株/m2时，作物产量下降23.7%。结论。根据所进行的研究，可以概括地说，在乌克兰右岸森林草原的腐殖质土壤条件下，在鹰嘴豆作物上施用除草剂时，采用Fabian博士的施用量为0.1 kg/ha和Bazagran, pp. 2.5 l/ha取得了最好的杂草控制效果。60万粒/公顷的播种规范是形成鹰嘴豆生物生产力和实现高生产水平的最有利条件。
{"title":"Effectiveness of chemical protection of chickpea crops depending on the effect of different herbicides and seed rates","authors":"Y. Makuch, S. Moshkivska, V. Smih","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.33-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.33-36","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Search and evaluate the effectiveness of herbicides and their compositions in chickpea crops. On the basis of research to prepare a comprehensive system of protection of chickpea crops from the presence of weeds, which ensures high yields and is economically and environmentally feasible in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. The experiments were based on the following scheme: Factor A (weed protection): 1. Net control; 2. Harsh control; 3. Fabian, D.Sc. 0.1 kg/ha; 4. Bazagran, bp — 2.5 l/ha; 5. Reiser, k.e. 2.0 l/ha. Factor B (seeding rate): Seeding rate, thousand pieces / ha —500; 600; 700. \u0000Results. One way to increase the competition of chickpea plants with weeds can be to increase the stocking density of cultivated plants. It is also known that the combination of several methods of crop care contributes to the overall increase of their effect. By identifying a critical period of competitive interaction between chickpeas and weeds, it is possible to take action on the latter before they cause significant damage to the crop. Competitive reciprocity and harmfulness of weeds in chickpea crops is observed throughout the entire period of crop development. A significant decrease in productivity is observed in the presence of 10 weed plants per square meter. Increased weed density of up to 25 pc/m2 showed a 23.7% decrease in crop yield. \u0000Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted researches it is possible to make a generalization that in the conditions of humus soils of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, when applying herbicides on chickpea crops, the best results in weed control were obtained with the introduction of Fabian, dr. application rate of 0.1 kg/ha and Bazagran, pp. 2.5 l/ha. The most favorable conditions of formation of biological productivity and realization of high level of productivity of chickpea plants are observed at the norms of sowing of seeds of 600 thousand pieces/ha.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121155769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.24-28
V. Andreiev
Goal. To determine the patterns of contamination adjacent to the motor road Kyiv — Odesa territories of the soil and the specificity of uptake by wild plants (zolotarnica canadian Solidagoсanadensis L.) pollutants. Methods. Field and laboratory studies. Results. The products of combustion of car engines moving along the freeway, there are a variety of chemical compounds, including metals — lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), and others. In soil samples taken at a distance of 5 m from the motorway, the presence of lead compounds was 11.401 mg/ kg, chromium — 19.361 mg/kg. At a distance of 1280 m from the roadway of the motorway in the soil was lead compounds 6,845 mg/kg, chromium — 5.376, cobalt — 0.271 mg/kg In the aboveground parts of plants of the canadian goldenrod (leaves, stems) high concentrations of the compounds were recorded in the samples that were selected at a distance of 5 m from the road: lead — 5.136 mg/kg, chromium — 6.366, cobalt — 3.158 mg/kg. At a distance of 5 m from the motorway in the underground parts of plants that are perennial organs, the concentration of lead compounds reached 2.763 mg/kg, chromium — 3.642, cobalt — 2.034 mg/kg. the distance from the motorway 1280 m recorded in the leaves of Canada goldenrod concentration of lead compounds in an average of 2.675 mg/kg, compared with the figures from the motorway (distance 5 m) 1.92 times, chromium — 1.614 (3.94 times less compared to the maximum accumulation in the experiments), compounds of cobalt — 0.165 mg/kg (in 19.1 times less). Conclusions. Accumulation of heavy metals in aerial parts of plants (leaves and stems) Canada goldenrod that grows near the road above (lead 1.86 times, 1.75 chromium, cobalt 1.55 times) compared with perennial underground parts of plants. The research results prove the feasibility of practical use of the canadian goldenrod as bioremediator contaminated soils of areas adjacent to roads with heavy traffic, and its sound practical economic use.
{"title":"Solidago canadensis L. — potential bioremeditor of contaminated soil","authors":"V. Andreiev","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.24-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.24-28","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To determine the patterns of contamination adjacent to the motor road Kyiv — Odesa territories of the soil and the specificity of uptake by wild plants (zolotarnica canadian Solidagoсanadensis L.) pollutants. \u0000Methods. Field and laboratory studies. \u0000Results. The products of combustion of car engines moving along the freeway, there are a variety of chemical compounds, including metals — lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), and others. In soil samples taken at a distance of 5 m from the motorway, the presence of lead compounds was 11.401 mg/ kg, chromium — 19.361 mg/kg. At a distance of 1280 m from the roadway of the motorway in the soil was lead compounds 6,845 mg/kg, chromium — 5.376, cobalt — 0.271 mg/kg In the aboveground parts of plants of the canadian goldenrod (leaves, stems) high concentrations of the compounds were recorded in the samples that were selected at a distance of 5 m from the road: lead — 5.136 mg/kg, chromium — 6.366, cobalt — 3.158 mg/kg. At a distance of 5 m from the motorway in the underground parts of plants that are perennial organs, the concentration of lead compounds reached 2.763 mg/kg, chromium — 3.642, cobalt — 2.034 mg/kg. the distance from the motorway 1280 m recorded in the leaves of Canada goldenrod concentration of lead compounds in an average of 2.675 mg/kg, compared with the figures from the motorway (distance 5 m) 1.92 times, chromium — 1.614 (3.94 times less compared to the maximum accumulation in the experiments), compounds of cobalt — 0.165 mg/kg (in 19.1 times less). \u0000Conclusions. Accumulation of heavy metals in aerial parts of plants (leaves and stems) Canada goldenrod that grows near the road above (lead 1.86 times, 1.75 chromium, cobalt 1.55 times) compared with perennial underground parts of plants. The research results prove the feasibility of practical use of the canadian goldenrod as bioremediator contaminated soils of areas adjacent to roads with heavy traffic, and its sound practical economic use.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133883869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.58-60
Y. Klechkovskіy, N. Mogilyuk
Goal. The effectiveness of the herbicides Hurricane Forte 500 SL, RK and Bast 150 SL, RK in protecting the apple orchard from ragweed was evaluated. Methods. The studies were conducted in the field in plantations of apple trees. The soil of the experimental plot is the southern light loamy chernozem, with a humus content in the arable layer of 3.2%, pH — 7.1. The tree planting scheme was 1.5—4 m. The experiments, observations, and counting were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Results. According to the results of phytosanitary surveys of apple plantations in farms of Odessa region, 27 species of weeds were identified, which belong to 12 botanical families. Among the annual weeds, the following species dominated: ragweed, ragweed, common shrubbery, common bedroot, white gauze; from perennial species: sharp gusset, pink sow thistle, field bindweed, wheat grass creeping, spurge vine. The mass emergence of seedlings of ragweed was observed in the third decade of April — the first decade of May. The phase of development of ragweed plants at the time of processing was 2—4 true leaves. Herbicide Hurricane Forte 500 SL in the norm of 2.0 l/ ha a month after treatment controlled 98.0%, at the end of the growing season — 83.2% of the weed. The treatment of plots with Hurricane Forte 500 SL with a flow rate of 1.0 l/ha and the addition of Trend 90 surfactant to the working solution ensured weed control after a month — 96.8%, at the end of the growing season — 80.6%. With a single application of the Bast 150 SL herbicide at a consumption rate of 4.0 l/ha, the technical efficiency a month after treatment was 94.7%; at the end of the growing season, it decreased to 60.1% due to the regrowth of ragweed plants. Two-time use of the Basta 150 SL preparation at a consumption rate of 3.0 l/ha made it possible to control the weed during the entire growing season at the level of 86.4—87.4%. Conclusions. The use of a reduced consumption rate of the Hurricane Forte 500 SL, RK herbicide in a mixture with the surfactant Trend 90 provides control of the ragweed at the optimal rate. Herbicide Basta 150 SL, RK is more effective to apply twice.
{"title":"Control of ragweed in apple orchards in southern Ukraine","authors":"Y. Klechkovskіy, N. Mogilyuk","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.58-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.58-60","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. The effectiveness of the herbicides Hurricane Forte 500 SL, RK and Bast 150 SL, RK in protecting the apple orchard from ragweed was evaluated. \u0000Methods. The studies were conducted in the field in plantations of apple trees. The soil of the experimental plot is the southern light loamy chernozem, with a humus content in the arable layer of 3.2%, pH — 7.1. The tree planting scheme was 1.5—4 m. The experiments, observations, and counting were carried out according to generally accepted methods. \u0000Results. According to the results of phytosanitary surveys of apple plantations in farms of Odessa region, 27 species of weeds were identified, which belong to 12 botanical families. Among the annual weeds, the following species dominated: ragweed, ragweed, common shrubbery, common bedroot, white gauze; from perennial species: sharp gusset, pink sow thistle, field bindweed, wheat grass creeping, spurge vine. The mass emergence of seedlings of ragweed was observed in the third decade of April — the first decade of May. The phase of development of ragweed plants at the time of processing was 2—4 true leaves. Herbicide Hurricane Forte 500 SL in the norm of 2.0 l/ ha a month after treatment controlled 98.0%, at the end of the growing season — 83.2% of the weed. The treatment of plots with Hurricane Forte 500 SL with a flow rate of 1.0 l/ha and the addition of Trend 90 surfactant to the working solution ensured weed control after a month — 96.8%, at the end of the growing season — 80.6%. With a single application of the Bast 150 SL herbicide at a consumption rate of 4.0 l/ha, the technical efficiency a month after treatment was 94.7%; at the end of the growing season, it decreased to 60.1% due to the regrowth of ragweed plants. Two-time use of the Basta 150 SL preparation at a consumption rate of 3.0 l/ha made it possible to control the weed during the entire growing season at the level of 86.4—87.4%. \u0000Conclusions. The use of a reduced consumption rate of the Hurricane Forte 500 SL, RK herbicide in a mixture with the surfactant Trend 90 provides control of the ragweed at the optimal rate. Herbicide Basta 150 SL, RK is more effective to apply twice.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127525359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.10-13
O. Kurdiukova, O. Tyshchuk
Goal. To select criteria for optimal solutions for calculating techniques of effective control of weeds in the summer-autumn period, taking into account their biological groups, the level of weed infestation and harmfulness. Methods. The experiments were carried out in a stationary field crop rotation, laid down in 2010. Carrying out the experiment and determining weed infestation was performed according to generally accepted methods. To process data and criteria for optimal combinations of weed control methods, the calculation method was used. Results. The essence of the optimal solution for controlling weeds in the summer-autumn period is as follows. The period of time, during which effective control of weeds can be carried out is determined. This is the period from harvesting the crop to the end of the weed growing season. The number of possible agro-technical technique of control is taken into account. It is assumed that for the emergence of annual seedlings or the restoration of the organs of vegetative propagation of perennial weeds, an average of 15 days is required. The possible harm in the given field of various biological groups of weeds is calculated in points by multiplying the actual weed infestation in points by the value of their harmfulness by rank. A table is compiled of the ranks of the effectiveness of agro-technical control techniques for each biological group of weeds. The most effective individual weed control techniques or their combination are selected. Each technique or combination thereof is evaluated and summing up the results; effective methods for controlling weeds are determined by indicators of the least residual damage. In order to determine the reasonability of increasing the number of agricultural practices, the conditional weed harm score is calculated by dividing the sum of the results by the square of the number of techniques. A decrease in the conditional score with an increase in the number of agro-technical measures shows that a further increase in the number of weed control methods is impractical. Conclusions. In the system of ecologically safe farming, the main attention in the weed control system belongs to summer-autumn agro-technical techniques. Calculation of such weed control in specific soil and climatic conditions can significantly increase the effectiveness of both individual agricultural methods and their combinations.
{"title":"Measures of weed control by means of environmentally friendly technologies in summer-autumn period","authors":"O. Kurdiukova, O. Tyshchuk","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.10-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.10-13","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To select criteria for optimal solutions for calculating techniques of effective control of weeds in the summer-autumn period, taking into account their biological groups, the level of weed infestation and harmfulness. \u0000Methods. The experiments were carried out in a stationary field crop rotation, laid down in 2010. Carrying out the experiment and determining weed infestation was performed according to generally accepted methods. To process data and criteria for optimal combinations of weed control methods, the calculation method was used. \u0000Results. The essence of the optimal solution for controlling weeds in the summer-autumn period is as follows. The period of time, during which effective control of weeds can be carried out is determined. This is the period from harvesting the crop to the end of the weed growing season. The number of possible agro-technical technique of control is taken into account. It is assumed that for the emergence of annual seedlings or the restoration of the organs of vegetative propagation of perennial weeds, an average of 15 days is required. The possible harm in the given field of various biological groups of weeds is calculated in points by multiplying the actual weed infestation in points by the value of their harmfulness by rank. A table is compiled of the ranks of the effectiveness of agro-technical control techniques for each biological group of weeds. The most effective individual weed control techniques or their combination are selected. Each technique or combination thereof is evaluated and summing up the results; effective methods for controlling weeds are determined by indicators of the least residual damage. In order to determine the reasonability of increasing the number of agricultural practices, the conditional weed harm score is calculated by dividing the sum of the results by the square of the number of techniques. A decrease in the conditional score with an increase in the number of agro-technical measures shows that a further increase in the number of weed control methods is impractical. \u0000Conclusions. In the system of ecologically safe farming, the main attention in the weed control system belongs to summer-autumn agro-technical techniques. Calculation of such weed control in specific soil and climatic conditions can significantly increase the effectiveness of both individual agricultural methods and their combinations.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133129048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.61-64
V. Zuza, R. Hutianskyi
Goal. most of the herbologists rarely classify their weeds. Some types of weeds are sometimes given only epithets. But it is necessary to divide the weeds into larger groups, and the most important thing is to determine them by their quantitative indicators and not the qualitative epithets. Methods. Field, analytical. Results. For 45 years the experience of crops inspection was mainly carried out in the Kharkiv region. In these years of herbological monitoring perfect methods were carried out. Previously the following prevalence groups were established: very wide, wide, moderate, small, and very small. Later another “moderately broad” group was added. In the conditions of North-Eastern Ukraine the main survey of the arable land, which lasted for several decades, has established 270 species. The weeds grouped the floral list into six parts. The analyses of the group respectively: very wide, wide, moderately wide, moderately small and very small found that the number of species was 1.9, 1.9, 4.4, 6.7, 17.3 and 67.8 percent. With the expansion of the weed list, in the group of very small weeds the percentage of species grew. In recent years some adventitious weeds have appeared. These are: four types of Abutilon theophrast Ved., Hibiscus trionum L., Diqitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muehl) and Phytolacca americana (L.). Conclusions. On which territory it is necessary to determine the types of weeds and their criterion of prevalence and dominance. In the list weeds it is necessary to distinguish six groups: very wide, wide, moderately wide, moderate, small, very small. A significant part of the weeds on the list are included in the of the very small ones. In North-Eastern Ukraine, where there are 270 species observed, 67.8% of weeds belong to the last group.
{"title":"The main weeds in the fields of the North-Eastern Ukraine","authors":"V. Zuza, R. Hutianskyi","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.61-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.61-64","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. most of the herbologists rarely classify their weeds. Some types of weeds are sometimes given only epithets. But it is necessary to divide the weeds into larger groups, and the most important thing is to determine them by their quantitative indicators and not the qualitative epithets. \u0000Methods. Field, analytical. \u0000Results. For 45 years the experience of crops inspection was mainly carried out in the Kharkiv region. In these years of herbological monitoring perfect methods were carried out. Previously the following prevalence groups were established: very wide, wide, moderate, small, and very small. Later another “moderately broad” group was added. In the conditions of North-Eastern Ukraine the main survey of the arable land, which lasted for several decades, has established 270 species. The weeds grouped the floral list into six parts. The analyses of the group respectively: very wide, wide, moderately wide, moderately small and very small found that the number of species was 1.9, 1.9, 4.4, 6.7, 17.3 and 67.8 percent. With the expansion of the weed list, in the group of very small weeds the percentage of species grew. In recent years some adventitious weeds have appeared. These are: four types of Abutilon theophrast Ved., Hibiscus trionum L., Diqitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muehl) and Phytolacca americana (L.). \u0000Conclusions. On which territory it is necessary to determine the types of weeds and their criterion of prevalence and dominance. In the list weeds it is necessary to distinguish six groups: very wide, wide, moderately wide, moderate, small, very small. A significant part of the weeds on the list are included in the of the very small ones. In North-Eastern Ukraine, where there are 270 species observed, 67.8% of weeds belong to the last group.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128921773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.45-49
Y. Tkalich, S. Shevchenko
Goal. The of the research was to conduct field studies of new formulations of herbicides in winter wheat crops and to optimize the phytotoxic composition of tank mixtures consisting of different-spectrum active substances. Methods. In carrying out the work, general scientific and special research methods were used. Results. Species diagnostics of weed phytocenoses in winter wheat crops showed that high potential weed caused dominance in the agrophytocenoses of ragweed wormwood and sunflower scavenger. The deformation of the classic wintering type of weed was observed in the direction of the annual seed species composition. The phytotoxic properties of tank mixtures of Granstar Gold and Hammer herbicides and combined preparations were studied, their technical efficiency, the dynamics of depression and the death of weeds during the growing season were established, the individual resistance of certain types of weeds was revealed. A biometric analysis (crop density, linear growth, grain yield from an ear) of winter wheat was carried out depending on the toxicity of the herbicides. The scientific conclusion was made that the most effective mixture of herbicides was Granstar Gold 30 g/ha + Hammer 20 g/ha. Conclusions. As a result of the studies, it was found that winter wheat responded positively to reducing the degree of clogging by improving biometric and productive indicators. The yield of winter wheat grain is in a natural dependence on the degree of weediness of crops and phytotoxic effectiveness against weeds. The maximum increase in grain yield of 0.34 t/ha was achieved in comparison with the control when processing wheat crops of the winter mixture of herbicides Granstar Gold 30 g/ha + Hammer 20 g/ha.
{"title":"Features of the protection of winter wheat crops from weed rotation after sunflower","authors":"Y. Tkalich, S. Shevchenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.45-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.45-49","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. The of the research was to conduct field studies of new formulations of herbicides in winter wheat crops and to optimize the phytotoxic composition of tank mixtures consisting of different-spectrum active substances. \u0000Methods. In carrying out the work, general scientific and special research methods were used. \u0000Results. Species diagnostics of weed phytocenoses in winter wheat crops showed that high potential weed caused dominance in the agrophytocenoses of ragweed wormwood and sunflower scavenger. The deformation of the classic wintering type of weed was observed in the direction of the annual seed species composition. The phytotoxic properties of tank mixtures of Granstar Gold and Hammer herbicides and combined preparations were studied, their technical efficiency, the dynamics of depression and the death of weeds during the growing season were established, the individual resistance of certain types of weeds was revealed. A biometric analysis (crop density, linear growth, grain yield from an ear) of winter wheat was carried out depending on the toxicity of the herbicides. The scientific conclusion was made that the most effective mixture of herbicides was Granstar Gold 30 g/ha + Hammer 20 g/ha. \u0000Conclusions. As a result of the studies, it was found that winter wheat responded positively to reducing the degree of clogging by improving biometric and productive indicators. The yield of winter wheat grain is in a natural dependence on the degree of weediness of crops and phytotoxic effectiveness against weeds. The maximum increase in grain yield of 0.34 t/ha was achieved in comparison with the control when processing wheat crops of the winter mixture of herbicides Granstar Gold 30 g/ha + Hammer 20 g/ha.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130935744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.21-23
G. Nychkaliuk
Goal. Paulownia felines — Paulownia tomentosa L., a promising bioenergy crop for our country. In the early stages of organogenesis (juvenile and immature), young plants of the peacock sprout easily suppress weeds. Therefore, young plantations of such a promising bioenergy crop need reliable and effective protection against the adverse effects of weeds. Method. Weeding processes for young peacock plantations in the small field experiments were conducted in 2018—2019. on the experimental lands of the Yaltushk SSS IBEK and the Central Bank of NAAS The area of the plots is 36 m2, the area of the plot is 25 m2. Repeat studies — 4 times. Placement of sites is regular in two tiers. Seeds and young plants (seedlings) of Clone 112 were used for growing on the plots. Results and Discussion. Contamination of plantations was mixed. The records, carried out on 01.06, recorded the presence of seedlings of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Pal Beauv, Setaria glauca (L.) Pal.Beauv, Chenopodium album L., Sinapis arvensis L., Thlaspy arvense L., Polygonum scabrum Moench., mustard beetle, Polygonum convolvulus L, Solanum nigrum L. The number of weeds averaged 89.5 pcs/m2. The largest number of seedlings was recorded in millet rooster 12.4pcs/m2, mouse gray — 10.3 pcs/m2, white swans — 8.7 pcs/m2, bearded birch — 7.3 pcs/ m2, talaban field — 7.1 pcs/m2. By the third decade of August, their number had increased to 134.0 pieces/ m2. Conclusions. Under the conditions of co-vegetation of young peacock-planted plants with weeds, the height of their plants by the second decade of September averaged 23.6.cm. The height of crop plants that vegetated without adversely affecting the presence of weed plantations (4 consecutive manual weeding) averaged 63.8 cm or 2.7 times greater. Such a negative impact requires the implementation of protection measures for young plants.
{"title":"Young peacock-shaped plants need protection","authors":"G. Nychkaliuk","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.21-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.21-23","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Paulownia felines — Paulownia tomentosa L., a promising bioenergy crop for our country. In the early stages of organogenesis (juvenile and immature), young plants of the peacock sprout easily suppress weeds. Therefore, young plantations of such a promising bioenergy crop need reliable and effective protection against the adverse effects of weeds. \u0000Method. Weeding processes for young peacock plantations in the small field experiments were conducted in 2018—2019. on the experimental lands of the Yaltushk SSS IBEK and the Central Bank of NAAS The area of the plots is 36 m2, the area of the plot is 25 m2. Repeat studies — 4 times. Placement of sites is regular in two tiers. Seeds and young plants (seedlings) of Clone 112 were used for growing on the plots. \u0000Results and Discussion. Contamination of plantations was mixed. The records, carried out on 01.06, recorded the presence of seedlings of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Pal Beauv, Setaria glauca (L.) Pal.Beauv, Chenopodium album L., Sinapis arvensis L., Thlaspy arvense L., Polygonum scabrum Moench., mustard beetle, Polygonum convolvulus L, Solanum nigrum L. The number of weeds averaged 89.5 pcs/m2. The largest number of seedlings was recorded in millet rooster 12.4pcs/m2, mouse gray — 10.3 pcs/m2, white swans — 8.7 pcs/m2, bearded birch — 7.3 pcs/ m2, talaban field — 7.1 pcs/m2. By the third decade of August, their number had increased to 134.0 pieces/ m2. \u0000Conclusions. Under the conditions of co-vegetation of young peacock-planted plants with weeds, the height of their plants by the second decade of September averaged 23.6.cm. The height of crop plants that vegetated without adversely affecting the presence of weed plantations (4 consecutive manual weeding) averaged 63.8 cm or 2.7 times greater. Such a negative impact requires the implementation of protection measures for young plants.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115068995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.29-32
L. Tsilinko
Goal. To analyze the potential level of contamination of arable soil layer weed seeds and to establish the specificity of the changes in such reserves during the vegetation period of crops. The study was performed on rice checks of the Institute of rice of NAAS in the Kherson region in the 2017—2019 biennium. Methods. Research field, small and laboratory. To determine the factor of seeds and vegetative reproductive organs of weeds in certain soil horizons of rice fields per unit area (pieces/m2) was selected soil samples by the method of A. N. Kiseleva — twice per season, in spring and after harvest of rice. The arable soil was divided into three layers (10 cm each). To determine the viability of seeds used method of staining their tetrazoles. The results were compiled and analyzed. Results. A comparison of the level of potential contamination between horizons showed the highest number of weed seeds in the horizon of 0—10 cm on average, 16041 pieces/ m2, which is 47.6% of the overall presence of weeds in the soil (33650,2 pieces/ m2). In the soil horizon 10—20 cm the number of weed seeds reached 10489.2 pieces/m2, or 31.2% of the debris of the upper horizon. In the lower horizon of 20—30 cm level of the presence of weed seeds was low — 7119.8 pieces/ m2, which amounts to 21.2% from that of the top horizon of the soil. Among the weed species whose seeds were present in soil samples of the top horizon of 0—10 cm, the largest part was Kuga Astrakhantseva Scirpus mucronatus L. — 59.8%, in another place Boule seeds Kuga razveseloj Scirpus supinus L. — 31.8%, Polygonum Persicaria hydropiper L. percetage — 1004.7 pieces/ m2 (6,3%), chicken millet Echinochloa crus galli L. — 329.1 pieces/m2 (2.1%). Other types were less in the stocks of weed seeds. Conclusions. During the vegetation period inventory quantities of seeds of change and by autumn are increasing. The largest amplitude value of the stock of weed seeds is manifested in the upper 0—10 cm horizon of the arable layer and reaches to 12.3%. Qualitative and timely implementation of measures to protect rice crops from sowing to the presence of weeds provides a gradual reduction in the volumes of their Bank of seeds in the soil.
{"title":"Specificity of potential contamination of rice checks with weed seeds","authors":"L. Tsilinko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.29-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.29-32","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To analyze the potential level of contamination of arable soil layer weed seeds and to establish the specificity of the changes in such reserves during the vegetation period of crops. The study was performed on rice checks of the Institute of rice of NAAS in the Kherson region in the 2017—2019 biennium. \u0000Methods. Research field, small and laboratory. To determine the factor of seeds and vegetative reproductive organs of weeds in certain soil horizons of rice fields per unit area (pieces/m2) was selected soil samples by the method of A. N. Kiseleva — twice per season, in spring and after harvest of rice. The arable soil was divided into three layers (10 cm each). To determine the viability of seeds used method of staining their tetrazoles. The results were compiled and analyzed. \u0000Results. A comparison of the level of potential contamination between horizons showed the highest number of weed seeds in the horizon of 0—10 cm on average, 16041 pieces/ m2, which is 47.6% of the overall presence of weeds in the soil (33650,2 pieces/ m2). In the soil horizon 10—20 cm the number of weed seeds reached 10489.2 pieces/m2, or 31.2% of the debris of the upper horizon. In the lower horizon of 20—30 cm level of the presence of weed seeds was low — 7119.8 pieces/ m2, which amounts to 21.2% from that of the top horizon of the soil. Among the weed species whose seeds were present in soil samples of the top horizon of 0—10 cm, the largest part was Kuga Astrakhantseva Scirpus mucronatus L. — 59.8%, in another place Boule seeds Kuga razveseloj Scirpus supinus L. — 31.8%, Polygonum Persicaria hydropiper L. percetage — 1004.7 pieces/ m2 (6,3%), chicken millet Echinochloa crus galli L. — 329.1 pieces/m2 (2.1%). Other types were less in the stocks of weed seeds. \u0000Conclusions. During the vegetation period inventory quantities of seeds of change and by autumn are increasing. The largest amplitude value of the stock of weed seeds is manifested in the upper 0—10 cm horizon of the arable layer and reaches to 12.3%. Qualitative and timely implementation of measures to protect rice crops from sowing to the presence of weeds provides a gradual reduction in the volumes of their Bank of seeds in the soil.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123867231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.41-44
R. Hutianskyi
Goal. of my study was to investigate the combined effect of pesticides, including seed dressers, post-emergence herbicides, fungicides, biologicals, and plant growth regulators on weediness and soybean yield in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, analytical and statistical. Results. The weeds in the soybean crops were represented by 15 species. Cockspur (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Roem et Schult.), yellow foxtail (Setaria glaua (L.) Beauv.), lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) dominated in the soybean crops. In the controls, the dominant position in the soybean crops (in terms of the wet weight of weeds) was occupied by biennial and annual dicotyledonous weeds (56—57% of the total wet weight of weeds). Annual gramineous weeds (37—42%) and perennial dicotyledonous weeds (2—6%) ranked the second and third most spread species. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds increased the competitiveness of soybean plants against weeds. Herbicide composition Tabezon (2.0 l/ ha) + Formula (6 g/ ha) + surfactant Trend 90 (0.2 l/ ha) (primordial leaves) + Lemur (1.5 l/ ha) (biternate/ triternate leaves) significantly reduced the total number of weeds in the soybean crops by 89% and their wet weight by 97%. There was no evidence of significant effects of post-emergence combinations of herbicides with chemical or biological pesticides on the effectiveness of weed control in the soybean crops. Analyzing the soybean seed yield, I revealed that application of herbicides alone in the crops was the most justified. Conclusions. Increased competitiveness of soybean plants against weeds on pre-sowing seed treatment has been demonstrated. There was no evidence of significant effects of post-emergence combinations of herbicides with chemical and biological pesticides on the weed control effectiveness. Monoapplication of herbicides was the most justified.
的目标。我的研究是调查农药，包括种子处理剂、出苗后除草剂、杀菌剂、生物制剂和植物生长调节剂对乌克兰东部森林草原杂草和大豆产量的综合影响。方法。现场，分析和统计。结果。大豆作物杂草有15种。鸡刺(Echinochloa crusgalli, L.)Roem et Schult.)，黄狐尾(Setaria glaua (L.))在大豆作物中占主导地位的是羊蹄草(Chenopodium album L.)和红根藜草(Amaranthus retroflexus L.)。对照中，二年生和一年生双子叶杂草(占总湿重的56 ~ 57%)在大豆作物中占主导地位(以杂草湿重计)。一年生禾本科杂草(37-42%)和多年生双子叶杂草(2-6%)分别位居第二和第三位。播前处理提高了大豆植株对杂草的竞争力。除草剂组合Tabezon (2.0 l/ ha) + Formula (6 g/ ha) +表面活性剂Trend 90 (0.2 l/ ha)(原叶)+ Lemur (1.5 l/ ha)(二萜/三萜叶)显著减少大豆杂草总数89%，湿重97%。没有证据表明出苗期除草剂与化学或生物农药联合施用对大豆杂草防治效果有显著影响。分析大豆种子产量后，我发现在作物中单独使用除草剂是最合理的。结论。播前种子处理提高了大豆植株对杂草的竞争力。出苗期除草剂与化学农药和生物农药联用对杂草防治效果无显著影响。单一施用除草剂是最合理的。
{"title":"Combined effects of pesticides on weedines and seed yield of soybean crops","authors":"R. Hutianskyi","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.41-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.41-44","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. of my study was to investigate the combined effect of pesticides, including seed dressers, post-emergence herbicides, fungicides, biologicals, and plant growth regulators on weediness and soybean yield in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. Field, analytical and statistical. \u0000Results. The weeds in the soybean crops were represented by 15 species. Cockspur (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Roem et Schult.), yellow foxtail (Setaria glaua (L.) Beauv.), lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) dominated in the soybean crops. In the controls, the dominant position in the soybean crops (in terms of the wet weight of weeds) was occupied by biennial and annual dicotyledonous weeds (56—57% of the total wet weight of weeds). Annual gramineous weeds (37—42%) and perennial dicotyledonous weeds (2—6%) ranked the second and third most spread species. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds increased the competitiveness of soybean plants against weeds. Herbicide composition Tabezon (2.0 l/ ha) + Formula (6 g/ ha) + surfactant Trend 90 (0.2 l/ ha) (primordial leaves) + Lemur (1.5 l/ ha) (biternate/ triternate leaves) significantly reduced the total number of weeds in the soybean crops by 89% and their wet weight by 97%. There was no evidence of significant effects of post-emergence combinations of herbicides with chemical or biological pesticides on the effectiveness of weed control in the soybean crops. Analyzing the soybean seed yield, I revealed that application of herbicides alone in the crops was the most justified. \u0000Conclusions. Increased competitiveness of soybean plants against weeds on pre-sowing seed treatment has been demonstrated. There was no evidence of significant effects of post-emergence combinations of herbicides with chemical and biological pesticides on the weed control effectiveness. Monoapplication of herbicides was the most justified.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116304874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.13-16
O. Ivashchenko
Goal. The study of the biological characteristics and developing methods for effective control of Broomrape in sunflower crops. Methods. The comprehensive study included the route survey of crops in the five regions of the country where traditionally the acreage of sunflower is the largest part in the structure of arable land. Was conducted sampling of the soil in the fields to assess the level of contamination by seeds of Broomrape. Repeated the test 4. Surveys and monitoring of the crops was carried out in accordance with the requirements methods of testing and use of pesticides. Results. Studies show that the presence of 2—7 of Broomrape stalks per 1 m2 of sunflower crops leading to reduced yields of seed cultures by 10—15%. In the presence of 35—40 pieces/m2 of stalks of the parasite reduction reaches 70—85% of the possible yields of crops. Sample survey of crops of sunflower and soil samples from the arable layer (0—30 cm) during the study years (Zaporizhzhia, Dnipropetrovsk, Odesa, etc.) and their analysis for the presence of seeds of Broomrape showed a high level of contamination. In the upper part of the topsoil (0—10 cm) found 124—1160 seeds/m2 seed of the parasite. However, only a 0.012—0.22% of the total quantity present in the soil of seeds of the parasite germinate in the spring as a result of interaction with the roots of the plant opinion. Easier to just hit the Broomrape seedling primary roots of sunflower plants in the juvenile and amatory stages of organogenesis (May — June). Conclusions. The practice of using resistant against the respective races of Broomrape sunflower hybrids ensures to provide only a temporary and partial positive results. Immune to defeat different races of Broomrape sunflower hybrids there, and to existing sustainable hybrids parasite quickly forms a new more aggressive population. The most effective nowadays are preventive measures which make it possible to obtain high yields of sunflower and not to complicate the phytosanitary situation on arable lands in the future.
{"title":"Broompare in sunflower crops and control methods","authors":"O. Ivashchenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.13-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.13-16","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. The study of the biological characteristics and developing methods for effective control of Broomrape in sunflower crops. \u0000Methods. The comprehensive study included the route survey of crops in the five regions of the country where traditionally the acreage of sunflower is the largest part in the structure of arable land. Was conducted sampling of the soil in the fields to assess the level of contamination by seeds of Broomrape. Repeated the test 4. Surveys and monitoring of the crops was carried out in accordance with the requirements methods of testing and use of pesticides. \u0000Results. Studies show that the presence of 2—7 of Broomrape stalks per 1 m2 of sunflower crops leading to reduced yields of seed cultures by 10—15%. In the presence of 35—40 pieces/m2 of stalks of the parasite reduction reaches 70—85% of the possible yields of crops. Sample survey of crops of sunflower and soil samples from the arable layer (0—30 cm) during the study years (Zaporizhzhia, Dnipropetrovsk, Odesa, etc.) and their analysis for the presence of seeds of Broomrape showed a high level of contamination. In the upper part of the topsoil (0—10 cm) found 124—1160 seeds/m2 seed of the parasite. However, only a 0.012—0.22% of the total quantity present in the soil of seeds of the parasite germinate in the spring as a result of interaction with the roots of the plant opinion. Easier to just hit the Broomrape seedling primary roots of sunflower plants in the juvenile and amatory stages of organogenesis (May — June). \u0000Conclusions. The practice of using resistant against the respective races of Broomrape sunflower hybrids ensures to provide only a temporary and partial positive results. Immune to defeat different races of Broomrape sunflower hybrids there, and to existing sustainable hybrids parasite quickly forms a new more aggressive population. The most effective nowadays are preventive measures which make it possible to obtain high yields of sunflower and not to complicate the phytosanitary situation on arable lands in the future.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127433891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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