Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry最新文献

Previous studies have demonstrated that chlorantraniliproleenhancescellular immunity in Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, but its effects on humoral immunity remain unclear. Thus,we investigated the role of this insecticide in modulating humoralresponses, focusing on peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs)as key mediators. PGRPs are important pattern recognition receptorsthat activate insect innate immunity against microbes. Our findingsrevealed that chlorantraniliprole inhibited humoral immunity in larvae,with the expression of SfPGRP-S5 being significantlyaffected. Functional studies revealed that SfPGRP-S5 knockdown under chlorantraniliprole exposure decreased larval survivalfollowing bacterial infection and downregulated antimicrobial peptide(AMP) genes, while recombinant SfPGRP-S5 activated AMP and prophenoloxidase(PPO) expression. Additionally, the transgenic Drosophila bioassay indicated that SfPGRP-S5 overexpressionenhanced chlorantraniliprole tolerance and reduced bacterial susceptibility.In summary, SfPGRP-S5 plays a critical role in mediatingchlorantraniliprole-induced suppression of humoral immunity in S. frugiperda larvae. This study reveals the differentialimmune regulation by insecticides and provides new insights for understandingtheir sublethal effects.

Long-term application of synthetic pesticides for potatolate blightcontrol has raised many ecological concerns, while broader impactsof biopesticides on production systems remain unclear. Field trialscompared the effects of pesticides dimethomorph (synthetic) and carvacrol(biological) against an untreated control in a potato production system,integrating untargeted metabolomics, metabarcoding and quality traitanalyses. Compared with the control group, both pesticide treatmentsupregulated tuber lipid metabolism but downregulated leaf defense-associatedmetabolism. For rhizosphere communities, while both treatments reducedbeneficial bacterial taxa, carvacrol exerted less suppressive effectsthan dimethomorph and resulted in superior pathogen suppression. Thesechanges were associated with enhanced potato quality under carvacroltreatment, with starch, flavonoid, and vitamin C contents each morethan 10% higher than under dimethomorph. This study highlights theimportance of evaluating both productivity end points and soil ecologicalconsequences in field conditions, providing novel insights into theintegration of biopesticides in sustainable crop production.

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a prevalent mycotoxin inducing hepatotoxiceffects. Hyperoside (HYP), a flavonoid derived from Actinidia arguta bee pollen, exhibits hepatoprotectiveproperties against ZEA; however, the molecular mechanisms underlyingthis protection remain incompletely characterized. This study integratedin vivo piglet models, in vitro porcine hepatocytes, network pharmacology,and molecular docking to characterize the molecular targets of HYP.The results demonstrated that HYP significantly attenuated ZEA-inducedhepatic lesions and oxidative stress. Computational analyses pinpointedthe PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as the core target of HYP. In vitrovalidation revealed that HYP phenocopied the AKT activator SC79 insuppressing ZEA-induced hepatocyte apoptosis, an efficacy partiallyabrogated by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Conclusively, HYP amelioratesZEA-induced hepatotoxicity by activating the PI3K/AKT axis to mitigateoxidative stress and apoptosis, underscoring its translational potentialas a functional detoxifying additive for food and feed applications.

Environmental mycotoxins threatenhuman and animal health. Deoxynivalenol(DON) and emerging tenuazonic acid (TeA) severely contaminate foodcrops. The intestine is DON’s main toxic target and TeA’sprimary exposure site, but TeA’s intestinal risk and theircombined toxicity remain understudied. In this study, using an intestinalorganoid model, we found that DON and TeA significantly suppressedcell viability (toxicity ratio ∼ 1:20) with synergistic effectsunder high toxicity, disrupting organoid development and intestinalbarrier function (cell cycle arrest, reduced tight junction proteins,increased goblet cells), linked to their ribotoxicity and inducinglipid metabolism disorders (downregulated fatty acid β-oxidationgenes) via the PPAR pathway. Single-cell transcriptome revealed thatthey impaired intestinal cell proliferation/differentiation, inducingribotoxic stress in stem/TA cells and reducing canonical enterocytes(ECs), and ECs were core targets of their lipid toxicity. In conclusion,DON and TeA share intestinal toxicological characteristics, and theircombined exposure potentiates toxicity, requiring targeted measuresto mitigate co-exposure risks.

Host preference is critical to theefficacy of parasitoidsin biologicalcontrol, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, wefound that the host preference of the generalist parasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis revealed an innate preferencefor Spodoptera frugiperda, followedby Plodia interpunctella. GC–MSanalysis showed distinct volatile organic compound profiles betweenthe two hosts, with 2-hexanol as a shared component. Electroantennogram(EAG) recordings showed that wasp antennae responded more stronglyto S. frugiperda than to P. interpunctella odors, suggesting olfaction mediateshost preference. Knockdown of the odorant receptor co-receptor, MpulORco, impaired both EAG responses and host preferencebehavior. Furthermore, wasps reared on S. frugiperda had larger body size and higher fecundity, providing a plausiblefitness-based explanation for the observed preference. Collectively,our study reveals olfaction is involved in host preference behaviorin a generalist parasitoid and establishes a functional connectionbetween olfactory cues and individual fitness.