Abstract Fluoxapiprolin is an oxysterol-binding protein fungicide that exhibits high efficacy against cucumber downy mildew; however, its metabolites may be more toxic than the parent compound. In this study, we examined its uptake, translocation, subcellular distribution, and metabolism in cucumbers. Fluoxapiprolin primarily accumulated in roots through aquaporin-mediated passive absorption and apoplastic transport and showed poor upward translocation. The behavior of the five metabolites varied. BCS-DE72761 and BCS-DE61185 accumulated continuously in leaves, whereas BCS-BP32808 exhibited the strongest upward translocation. In roots and stems, 88–100% of the metabolites were distributed in soluble components. Fluoxapiprolin was primarily transformed via amide bond cleavage into BCS-CC26101, the reversible interconversion of BCS-DE61185 and BCS-DE72761 through amidation and hydrolysis, as well as the transformation of BCS-BP32808 into multiple metabolites. These reactions can alter the physicochemical properties of the compounds, thereby significantly affecting their translocation in plants. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for scientific application and risk assessment of these compounds.
{"title":"Uptake, Translocation, Subcellular Distribution, and\u0000Metabolism of Fluoxapiprolin in Cucumber Plants","authors":"Yanli Bian,Na Wang,Xiupeng Yang,Kaikai Zhu,Jinju Pan,Yizhi Feng","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.6c08513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6c08513","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fluoxapiprolin is an oxysterol-binding protein fungicide that exhibits high efficacy against cucumber downy mildew; however, its metabolites may be more toxic than the parent compound. In this study, we examined its uptake, translocation, subcellular distribution, and metabolism in cucumbers. Fluoxapiprolin primarily accumulated in roots through aquaporin-mediated passive absorption and apoplastic transport and showed poor upward translocation. The behavior of the five metabolites varied. BCS-DE72761 and BCS-DE61185 accumulated continuously in leaves, whereas BCS-BP32808 exhibited the strongest upward translocation. In roots and stems, 88–100% of the metabolites were distributed in soluble components. Fluoxapiprolin was primarily transformed via amide bond cleavage into BCS-CC26101, the reversible interconversion of BCS-DE61185 and BCS-DE72761 through amidation and hydrolysis, as well as the transformation of BCS-BP32808 into multiple metabolites. These reactions can alter the physicochemical properties of the compounds, thereby significantly affecting their translocation in plants. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for scientific application and risk assessment of these compounds.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-17DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6c08108
Yi Mou,Feiyang Long,Chenlang Qi,Weisheng Huang,Qilin Du,Yu Zhang,Chang Yu,Jie Zhou
Abstract Dietary fiber intake is associated with improved glycemic control in high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia, yet the immunological mechanisms linking gut microbiota-derived metabolites to host defense remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated whether dietary fiber ameliorates these metabolic disorders by modulating intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) via short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptor FFAR2. In a 12-week fiber-supplemented high-fat diet mouse model, fiber alleviated hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Mechanistically, fiber increased cecal SCFAs (especially propionate), which activated colonic ILC3s in an FFAR2-dependent manner. FFAR2 triggered ERK and STAT3 phosphorylation and directly bound STAT3 to facilitate its phosphorylation, boosting IL-22 transcription. SCFA-activated ILC3s strengthened epithelial barrier integrity via elevated tight-junction proteins. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that dietary fiber restores gut barrier function through the SCFA-FFAR2-ERK/STAT3-IL-22 axis in ILC 3s, highlighting ILC3-expressed FFAR2 as a potential therapeutic target for high-fat diet-related metabolic disorders.
{"title":"Dietary Fiber Improves\u0000High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperglycemia\u0000by Modulating Intestinal ILC3-Mediated Immunity through the SCFA-FFAR2\u0000Pathway","authors":"Yi Mou,Feiyang Long,Chenlang Qi,Weisheng Huang,Qilin Du,Yu Zhang,Chang Yu,Jie Zhou","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.6c08108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6c08108","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dietary fiber intake is associated with improved glycemic control in high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia, yet the immunological mechanisms linking gut microbiota-derived metabolites to host defense remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated whether dietary fiber ameliorates these metabolic disorders by modulating intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) via short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptor FFAR2. In a 12-week fiber-supplemented high-fat diet mouse model, fiber alleviated hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Mechanistically, fiber increased cecal SCFAs (especially propionate), which activated colonic ILC3s in an FFAR2-dependent manner. FFAR2 triggered ERK and STAT3 phosphorylation and directly bound STAT3 to facilitate its phosphorylation, boosting IL-22 transcription. SCFA-activated ILC3s strengthened epithelial barrier integrity via elevated tight-junction proteins. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that dietary fiber restores gut barrier function through the SCFA-FFAR2-ERK/STAT3-IL-22 axis in ILC 3s, highlighting ILC3-expressed FFAR2 as a potential therapeutic target for high-fat diet-related metabolic disorders.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Stevia rebaudiana produces diverse steviol glycosides (SVGs), but many positional isomers remain difficult to distinguish by MS/MS alone because of similar fragmentation patterns and low abundance. Here, we established a retention-guided LC–MS/MS workflow for discovery and structural characterization of trace SVGs generated by in vitro glycosylation using crude enzyme extracts from Stevia leaves. Reversed-phase retention trends associated with sugar identity and linkage patterns enabled chromatographic discrimination of isomeric SVGs, including rebaudiosides D and I, which exhibit indistinguishable MS/MS and MS3 spectra. Enzymatic reactions using UDP–13C6-glucose and UDP-xylose generated rare sugar-chain elongated derivatives, including rebaudioside FX1 and the previously unreported compound Reb FX0 carrying Glcβ(1–2)Glcβ1– at C-13 and Xylβ(1–2)Glcβ1– at C-19. Structural assignments were confirmed by comparison with semisynthetic standards. This integrated analytical–biochemical approach provides a practical platform for discovery-oriented characterization of trace SVGs and supports compositional analysis of stevia-derived ingredients and bioconversion products relevant to food applications.
{"title":"Retention-Guided\u0000LC-MS/MS Enables Discovery and Structural\u0000Assignment of Trace Steviol Glycosides from\u0000 in Vitro\u0000 Glycosylation Reactions","authors":"Takehiro Watanabe,Kohki Fujikawa,Kazunari Iwaki,Tadayoshi Hirai,Jun Murata","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.6c04961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6c04961","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stevia rebaudiana produces diverse steviol glycosides (SVGs), but many positional isomers remain difficult to distinguish by MS/MS alone because of similar fragmentation patterns and low abundance. Here, we established a retention-guided LC–MS/MS workflow for discovery and structural characterization of trace SVGs generated by in vitro glycosylation using crude enzyme extracts from Stevia leaves. Reversed-phase retention trends associated with sugar identity and linkage patterns enabled chromatographic discrimination of isomeric SVGs, including rebaudiosides D and I, which exhibit indistinguishable MS/MS and MS3 spectra. Enzymatic reactions using UDP–13C6-glucose and UDP-xylose generated rare sugar-chain elongated derivatives, including rebaudioside FX1 and the previously unreported compound Reb FX0 carrying Glcβ(1–2)Glcβ1– at C-13 and Xylβ(1–2)Glcβ1– at C-19. Structural assignments were confirmed by comparison with semisynthetic standards. This integrated analytical–biochemical approach provides a practical platform for discovery-oriented characterization of trace SVGs and supports compositional analysis of stevia-derived ingredients and bioconversion products relevant to food applications.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-17DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6c09379
Nathalia Cardona-Hurtado,Gloria Edith Guerrero-Álvarez,Ana M. León-Inga,Ana María López,Mónica P. Cala
Abstract The metabolic diversity of Rubus fruits is relevant for authentication, nutritional assessment, and breeding, but biochemical information about Andean germplasm remains limited. This study aimed to characterize phytochemical variation at interspecific and intraspecific levels by integrating untargeted LC–QTOF-MS, targeted LC–QqQ-MS phenolic profiling, antioxidant assays, and molecular networking. Three Rubus materials and five Rubus glaucus genotypes were evaluated. Chemometric analysis revealed metabolic separation among the Rubus materials, with 63 differentially annotated metabolites in the untargeted analysis and 25 compounds significantly different in targeted profiling. Among R. glaucus genotypes, 79 differentially annotated metabolites and 12 targeted compounds showed differences. Discriminatory metabolites included phenylpropanoid-derived phenolics, organic acids, and glycerophospholipids. R. glaucus materials showed higher antioxidant capacity in several assays, with differences in phenolic composition. Correlation analysis revealed associations among phenolic, primary carbon, and lipid-related metabolism. The integrated approach characterized metabolic variation and identified metabolites associated with their chemical differentiation.
{"title":"Integrated Metabolomics\u0000Reveals Chemical Differentiation\u0000among Andean\u0000 Rubus\u0000 Species and\u0000 R. glaucus\u0000 Genotypes","authors":"Nathalia Cardona-Hurtado,Gloria Edith Guerrero-Álvarez,Ana M. León-Inga,Ana María López,Mónica P. Cala","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.6c09379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6c09379","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The metabolic diversity of Rubus fruits is relevant for authentication, nutritional assessment, and breeding, but biochemical information about Andean germplasm remains limited. This study aimed to characterize phytochemical variation at interspecific and intraspecific levels by integrating untargeted LC–QTOF-MS, targeted LC–QqQ-MS phenolic profiling, antioxidant assays, and molecular networking. Three Rubus materials and five Rubus glaucus genotypes were evaluated. Chemometric analysis revealed metabolic separation among the Rubus materials, with 63 differentially annotated metabolites in the untargeted analysis and 25 compounds significantly different in targeted profiling. Among R. glaucus genotypes, 79 differentially annotated metabolites and 12 targeted compounds showed differences. Discriminatory metabolites included phenylpropanoid-derived phenolics, organic acids, and glycerophospholipids. R. glaucus materials showed higher antioxidant capacity in several assays, with differences in phenolic composition. Correlation analysis revealed associations among phenolic, primary carbon, and lipid-related metabolism. The integrated approach characterized metabolic variation and identified metabolites associated with their chemical differentiation.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Thirty-one Sulfite Ammonia Caramel (Caramel Color IV) samples from China and one from the United States were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. Characteristic signals at δ 31.6 and 55.7 ppm were observed in all but one Chinese sample and also in the US sample. Guided by these signals, the corresponding compound was isolated via methanol extraction, gel filtration, and reversed-phase C18 chromatography. It was characterized by NMR and HRMS as sodium trans-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-4-sulfonate; its relative configuration was confirmed by synthesis, whereas the absolute (4S,5R)-configuration is tentatively assigned. This compound represents the second characteristic small-molecule signature identified in Caramel Color IV, after the known marker 4-methylimidazole. Its widespread presence across most analyzed samples suggests its potential as a candidate marker for detection and characterization of Caramel Color IV products, though further validation with a broader sample set is warranted.
摘要采用核磁共振光谱法对中国和美国的31份亚硫酸盐氨焦糖（Caramel Color IV）样品进行了分析。除一个中国样品外，在所有样品和美国样品中都观察到δ 31.6和55.7 ppm的特征信号。在这些信号的引导下，通过甲醇提取、凝胶过滤和反相C18色谱分离相应的化合物。经NMR和HRMS表征为反式5-（羟甲基）-2-氧四氢呋喃-4-磺酸钠；其相对构型经合成证实，而绝对构型（4S,5R）则初步确定。该化合物是继已知标记物4-甲基咪唑之后，在Caramel Color IV中鉴定出的第二个特征小分子特征。它在大多数分析样品中的广泛存在表明它有潜力作为焦糖色素IV产品检测和表征的候选标记物，尽管需要在更广泛的样品集上进一步验证。
{"title":"13C{1H} NMR-Guided Identification\u0000of a New Marker of Caramel Color IV","authors":"Xixuan Zhao,Boan Yao,Shenghao Che,Qian Zhang,Pengying He,Longchen Zhang,Yongguo Liu,Baoguo Sun,Hongyu Tian,Sen Liang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.6c12495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6c12495","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Thirty-one Sulfite Ammonia Caramel (Caramel Color IV) samples from China and one from the United States were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. Characteristic signals at δ 31.6 and 55.7 ppm were observed in all but one Chinese sample and also in the US sample. Guided by these signals, the corresponding compound was isolated via methanol extraction, gel filtration, and reversed-phase C18 chromatography. It was characterized by NMR and HRMS as sodium trans-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-4-sulfonate; its relative configuration was confirmed by synthesis, whereas the absolute (4S,5R)-configuration is tentatively assigned. This compound represents the second characteristic small-molecule signature identified in Caramel Color IV, after the known marker 4-methylimidazole. Its widespread presence across most analyzed samples suggests its potential as a candidate marker for detection and characterization of Caramel Color IV products, though further validation with a broader sample set is warranted.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract UVB irradiation triggers skin photodamage via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigated the photoprotective mechanism of EGCG, the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, in HaCaT keratinocytes. EGCG pretreatment attenuated UVB-induced viability loss and oxidative stress, evidenced by reduced 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, protein carbonyls, and ROS, alongside restored glutathione redox balance. EGCG recovered SIRT3 enzymatic activity without affecting its expression and promoted SOD2 deacetylation at Lys68 and Lys122 in vitro. SPR and ITC confirmed direct, high-affinity binding of EGCG to SIRT3, with molecular dynamics simulations revealing a stable complex. EGCG also enhanced the binding affinity between SIRT3 and its acetylated p53 substrate in vitro. Critically, pharmacological inhibition of SIRT3 by 3-TYP abolished EGCG’s protective effects, supporting a critical role of SIRT3 in EGCG-mediated protection. Collectively, these findings indicate that EGCG protects against UVB-induced skin photodamage by binding to and activating SIRT3, thereby promoting SIRT3-mediated SOD2 deacetylation to alleviate oxidative stress.
{"title":"Tea Polyphenol\u0000EGCG Prevents UVB-Induced Oxidative\u0000Stress via SIRT3-Mediated Activation of SOD2: Mechanistic Insights\u0000from Molecular Interactions","authors":"Titi Liu,Siwei Xiong,Jing Xu,Yingqi Yin,Ziyan Yang,Hengrui Liang,Jia Liu,Changqun Li,Xianhui Xiang,Mingxing Che,Dengyou Nie,Lei Peng,Jun Sheng,Chaoyi Xue,Ya Wang,Huanhuan Xu","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.6c04934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6c04934","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract UVB irradiation triggers skin photodamage via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigated the photoprotective mechanism of EGCG, the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, in HaCaT keratinocytes. EGCG pretreatment attenuated UVB-induced viability loss and oxidative stress, evidenced by reduced 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, protein carbonyls, and ROS, alongside restored glutathione redox balance. EGCG recovered SIRT3 enzymatic activity without affecting its expression and promoted SOD2 deacetylation at Lys68 and Lys122 in vitro. SPR and ITC confirmed direct, high-affinity binding of EGCG to SIRT3, with molecular dynamics simulations revealing a stable complex. EGCG also enhanced the binding affinity between SIRT3 and its acetylated p53 substrate in vitro. Critically, pharmacological inhibition of SIRT3 by 3-TYP abolished EGCG’s protective effects, supporting a critical role of SIRT3 in EGCG-mediated protection. Collectively, these findings indicate that EGCG protects against UVB-induced skin photodamage by binding to and activating SIRT3, thereby promoting SIRT3-mediated SOD2 deacetylation to alleviate oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Microbial conversion of poorly soluble ellagic acid (EA) to urolithin A (UroA) is limited by poor aqueous performance and gastrointestinal presentation. Here, we combined pH-shift-assisted sono-assembly with CaCO3/GDL-mediated internal gelation to integrate EA physicochemical-state modification with gastrointestinal delivery. Solubilized EA (sEA) showed improved aqueous retention and equilibrium solubility, while pH-responsive alginate encapsulation restricted gastric release to below 15% and enhanced EA preservation during digestion. The 1.5% alginate internal-gelation hydrogel encapsulating sEA (IG1.5%@sEA) retained 88.21% of EA after digestion and produced the highest UroA concentration (36.86 μg/mL at 48 h) with urolithin metabotype A microbiota. Comparisons with sEA and IG1.5%@EA, together with fermentation at the same postdigestion EA concentrations, showed that both gastrointestinal preservation and the physicochemical state of EA after solubilization contributed to enhanced microbial conversion. These findings support delivery systems coordinating gastrointestinal protection with control of substrate physicochemical state to enhance microbial conversion of poorly soluble polyphenols.
{"title":"pH-Responsive Hydrogels\u0000Encapsulating Solubilized\u0000Ellagic Acid Enhance Microbial Conversion to Urolithin A","authors":"Haozhen Zhang,Liye Hu,Ruiqi Qian,Jike Shuai,Haibo Pan,Donghong Liu,Xingqian Ye,Shiguo Chen","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.6c07197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6c07197","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Microbial conversion of poorly soluble ellagic acid (EA) to urolithin A (UroA) is limited by poor aqueous performance and gastrointestinal presentation. Here, we combined pH-shift-assisted sono-assembly with CaCO3/GDL-mediated internal gelation to integrate EA physicochemical-state modification with gastrointestinal delivery. Solubilized EA (sEA) showed improved aqueous retention and equilibrium solubility, while pH-responsive alginate encapsulation restricted gastric release to below 15% and enhanced EA preservation during digestion. The 1.5% alginate internal-gelation hydrogel encapsulating sEA (IG1.5%@sEA) retained 88.21% of EA after digestion and produced the highest UroA concentration (36.86 μg/mL at 48 h) with urolithin metabotype A microbiota. Comparisons with sEA and IG1.5%@EA, together with fermentation at the same postdigestion EA concentrations, showed that both gastrointestinal preservation and the physicochemical state of EA after solubilization contributed to enhanced microbial conversion. These findings support delivery systems coordinating gastrointestinal protection with control of substrate physicochemical state to enhance microbial conversion of poorly soluble polyphenols.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-16DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6c12164
Yiting Wang,Jingyi Lu,Jialei Chu,Guangrong Huang,Wenwei Chen,Zhenbao Jia,Fei Tao
Abstract A novel proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitor was isolated from white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and HiTrap DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography. The purified inhibitor was identified as annexin (UniProt accession: V7BSM8) by HPLC-MS/MS, with a molecular mass of 35.97 kDa determined by MALDI-TOF MS. Annexin inhibited pancreatic α-amylase in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 8.81 μM. The kinetic results were consistent with a noncompetitive inhibition pattern. Intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that annexin binding to α-amylase induced static fluorescence quenching and conformational changes in the enzyme. Molecular dynamics simulations supported formation of a stable α-amylase–annexin complex, with electrostatic and van der Waals interactions as major energetic contributors. These findings identify annexin as a previously unrecognized α-amylase inhibitor from P. vulgaris with potential for modulating starch digestion and postprandial glycemic responses.
摘要采用硫酸铵分馏- DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow - HiTrap DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow色谱法从白芸豆（Phaseolus vulgaris）中分离得到一种新型的蛋白类α-淀粉酶抑制剂。纯化后的抑制剂经HPLC-MS/MS鉴定为膜联蛋白（UniProt登录号：V7BSM8）， MALDI-TOF MS测定其分子量为35.97 kDa，膜联蛋白对胰腺α-淀粉酶具有浓度依赖性，IC50为8.81 μM。动力学结果与非竞争性抑制模式一致。本征荧光光谱表明，膜联蛋白与α-淀粉酶结合引起α-淀粉酶的静态荧光猝灭和构象变化。分子动力学模拟支持稳定α-淀粉酶-膜联蛋白复合物的形成，静电和范德华相互作用是主要的能量贡献者。这些发现表明，膜联蛋白是一种以前未被发现的α-淀粉酶抑制剂，具有调节淀粉消化和餐后血糖反应的潜力。
{"title":"Isolation and Characteristics\u0000of the Novel Proteinaceous\u0000Inhibitor against Pancreatic α-Amylase from White Kidney\u0000Bean (\u0000 Phaseolus vulgaris\u0000 )","authors":"Yiting Wang,Jingyi Lu,Jialei Chu,Guangrong Huang,Wenwei Chen,Zhenbao Jia,Fei Tao","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.6c12164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6c12164","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A novel proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitor was isolated from white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and HiTrap DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography. The purified inhibitor was identified as annexin (UniProt accession: V7BSM8) by HPLC-MS/MS, with a molecular mass of 35.97 kDa determined by MALDI-TOF MS. Annexin inhibited pancreatic α-amylase in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 8.81 μM. The kinetic results were consistent with a noncompetitive inhibition pattern. Intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that annexin binding to α-amylase induced static fluorescence quenching and conformational changes in the enzyme. Molecular dynamics simulations supported formation of a stable α-amylase–annexin complex, with electrostatic and van der Waals interactions as major energetic contributors. These findings identify annexin as a previously unrecognized α-amylase inhibitor from P. vulgaris with potential for modulating starch digestion and postprandial glycemic responses.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-16DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6c04350
Yingjie Qing,Jiaqing Liu,Wei Hong,Luhua Zou,Lu Zhong,Peng Cao
Abstract Safe, small-molecule prophylactic agents against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are critically lacking. Here, we identify Cynarin, an artichoke-derived dietary polyphenol, as a micromolar affinity CX3CR1 antagonist. Mechanistically, Cynarin confers dual-action protection through two distinct routes: it acts as a “chemical shield” to competitively block viral entry at the epithelial interface by binding CX3CR1, and through a separate CX3CR1-independent mechanism, exhibits intrinsic, virus-independent anti-inflammatory properties by directly suppressing macrophage activation. This target-based interaction was rigorously validated via biochemical and functional assays. In an RSV-infected mouse model, prophylactic administration of Cynarin demonstrated superior efficacy over therapeutic treatment. It significantly reduced pulmonary viral load, ameliorated lung consolidation, and potently suppressed the RSV-induced cytokine storm. Collectively, our findings establish a novel host-directed strategy utilizing Cynarin to target CX3CR1, highlighting the translational potential of food-derived bioactives in offering a dual prophylactic safeguard against viral infection and associated pulmonary pathology.
{"title":"Cynarin Targets\u0000Host CX3CR1 for Dual-Action Prophylaxis\u0000against RSV Infection and Pulmonary Pathology","authors":"Yingjie Qing,Jiaqing Liu,Wei Hong,Luhua Zou,Lu Zhong,Peng Cao","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.6c04350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6c04350","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Safe, small-molecule prophylactic agents against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are critically lacking. Here, we identify Cynarin, an artichoke-derived dietary polyphenol, as a micromolar affinity CX3CR1 antagonist. Mechanistically, Cynarin confers dual-action protection through two distinct routes: it acts as a “chemical shield” to competitively block viral entry at the epithelial interface by binding CX3CR1, and through a separate CX3CR1-independent mechanism, exhibits intrinsic, virus-independent anti-inflammatory properties by directly suppressing macrophage activation. This target-based interaction was rigorously validated via biochemical and functional assays. In an RSV-infected mouse model, prophylactic administration of Cynarin demonstrated superior efficacy over therapeutic treatment. It significantly reduced pulmonary viral load, ameliorated lung consolidation, and potently suppressed the RSV-induced cytokine storm. Collectively, our findings establish a novel host-directed strategy utilizing Cynarin to target CX3CR1, highlighting the translational potential of food-derived bioactives in offering a dual prophylactic safeguard against viral infection and associated pulmonary pathology.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-16DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6c04409
Di He,Hongyu Chen,Shixi Gao,Peng Wang,Darren C. J. Wong,Shan Lu,Haiyang Xu,Fei Zhou
Abstract Tomato trichomes are dynamic interfaces for plant–environment interactions, serving as primary physical barriers against external stressors and as specialized cell factories for diverse metabolites. These highly specialized epidermal structures synthesize and sequester terpenoids, acylsugars, and methyl ketones, constructing a multidimensional defense line against herbivores and pathogens through physical entrapment and chemical repellency. Owing to their complex multicellular architecture, trichome morphogenesis and specialized metabolism are coordinated by intricate genetic regulatory networks. The SlWoolly-centered transcriptional complex, together with effector factors such as SlMYC1 and Hair, links cellular differentiation with substrate metabolic flux, rendering them an ideal model for studying the integration of cell fate determination and metabolic regulation. This review integrates current knowledge of specialized-metabolite biosynthesis, developmental regulation, and physiological functions in tomato trichomes, providing a framework for improving stress resistance and biomanufacturing potential through molecular-design breeding and for exploiting trichomes as controllable platforms for specialized-metabolite production.
{"title":"Tomato Trichomes\u0000as Metabolic Cell Factories: Specialized\u0000Metabolism, Developmental Regulation, and Defense Function","authors":"Di He,Hongyu Chen,Shixi Gao,Peng Wang,Darren C. J. Wong,Shan Lu,Haiyang Xu,Fei Zhou","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.6c04409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6c04409","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tomato trichomes are dynamic interfaces for plant–environment interactions, serving as primary physical barriers against external stressors and as specialized cell factories for diverse metabolites. These highly specialized epidermal structures synthesize and sequester terpenoids, acylsugars, and methyl ketones, constructing a multidimensional defense line against herbivores and pathogens through physical entrapment and chemical repellency. Owing to their complex multicellular architecture, trichome morphogenesis and specialized metabolism are coordinated by intricate genetic regulatory networks. The SlWoolly-centered transcriptional complex, together with effector factors such as SlMYC1 and Hair, links cellular differentiation with substrate metabolic flux, rendering them an ideal model for studying the integration of cell fate determination and metabolic regulation. This review integrates current knowledge of specialized-metabolite biosynthesis, developmental regulation, and physiological functions in tomato trichomes, providing a framework for improving stress resistance and biomanufacturing potential through molecular-design breeding and for exploiting trichomes as controllable platforms for specialized-metabolite production.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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