In Harry Potter, J.K. Rowling presents to readers a foreign world in the familiar setting of England with a wide array of characters who have a wide variety of names. Harry Potter is challenging for translators who must translate character names while maintaining a balance between the foreign and the familiar, as does Rowling. Rowling’s work is identified as a piece of ‘kiddult’ literature where it is directed at both adults and children. Additionally, Rowling is described as winking at adults through her use of allusions in character names. Some translators argue in favour of localizing all character names in the target language while others argue for the direct transfer of names from English to the translation. This paper argues in favour of a balance between localization and direct transfer (or globalization) in the translation of texts like Harry Potter. After a comparison of the literature, a translation model is presented to aid translators in establishing a balance between localization and direct transfer by providing specific situations in which it is advisable to translate character names and when it is advisable to directly transfer character names into the translation.
{"title":"Winking, allusions, and anagrams: Translating character names in Harry Potter","authors":"Dawn M. Cornelio","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V8I2.3218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V8I2.3218","url":null,"abstract":"In Harry Potter, J.K. Rowling presents to readers a foreign world in the familiar setting of England with a wide array of characters who have a wide variety of names. Harry Potter is challenging for translators who must translate character names while maintaining a balance between the foreign and the familiar, as does Rowling. Rowling’s work is identified as a piece of ‘kiddult’ literature where it is directed at both adults and children. Additionally, Rowling is described as winking at adults through her use of allusions in character names. Some translators argue in favour of localizing all character names in the target language while others argue for the direct transfer of names from English to the translation. This paper argues in favour of a balance between localization and direct transfer (or globalization) in the translation of texts like Harry Potter. After a comparison of the literature, a translation model is presented to aid translators in establishing a balance between localization and direct transfer by providing specific situations in which it is advisable to translate character names and when it is advisable to directly transfer character names into the translation.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128971844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In our multicultural North American society people whose primary language is not English may either benefit if they can fluently speak both English and another language, or they may suffer if they cannot fluently speak English. This may be partly because of stereotypes about people who can (2LS) or can’t speak a second language (W2L) which may lead to stereotype threat and arousal. Specifically, it was hypothesized that whether a prime was self-relevant would interact with the type of prime given to an individual to induce stereotype threat or arousal. To test this we subjected 2LS and W2L speakers to negative, neutral and positive primes about having a second language and then measured working memory (WM). We predicted that positive self-referent primes would enhance, whereas negative primes would disrupt WM independent of language status, and that neutral primes would not differ among language groups. Confirming this hypothesis a significant crossover interaction between prime manipulations and condition was demonstrated with no main effect of language group. These results suggest that while WM capacity does not differ between language groups when these same groups are given self-referent positive and negative primes these can induce stereotype threat and arousal which may have effects on WM through modifying physiological and psychological processes.
{"title":"Effect of self-referant primes about language and memory on measures of working memory in individuals with and without second languages","authors":"Paul R. Marshall","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V8I2.3156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V8I2.3156","url":null,"abstract":"In our multicultural North American society people whose primary language is not English may either benefit if they can fluently speak both English and another language, or they may suffer if they cannot fluently speak English. This may be partly because of stereotypes about people who can (2LS) or can’t speak a second language (W2L) which may lead to stereotype threat and arousal. Specifically, it was hypothesized that whether a prime was self-relevant would interact with the type of prime given to an individual to induce stereotype threat or arousal. To test this we subjected 2LS and W2L speakers to negative, neutral and positive primes about having a second language and then measured working memory (WM). We predicted that positive self-referent primes would enhance, whereas negative primes would disrupt WM independent of language status, and that neutral primes would not differ among language groups. Confirming this hypothesis a significant crossover interaction between prime manipulations and condition was demonstrated with no main effect of language group. These results suggest that while WM capacity does not differ between language groups when these same groups are given self-referent positive and negative primes these can induce stereotype threat and arousal which may have effects on WM through modifying physiological and psychological processes.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124002209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this report the property right structures surrounding tropical forest management are analyzed with a specific case study presented on tropical forests in Honduras. In order to adequately understand the set of property rights in place surrounding tropical forests, the applicable sets of property rights are laid out and explained (private, common, state, and open access). It is argued that the current property rights regimes in place surrounding tropical forests are inadequate and are the issue leading to high levels of deforestation. Conflicts and controversies surrounding the issue are presented for a counterargument and separate view of the issue. It was found that the current property rights regime in Honduras is inadequate for effective resource management as it lacks enforceability along with structure and is the prominent issue surrounding tropical deforestation. Private property rights were the most effective form of property rights found for maintaining natural resources, and it is therefore recommended that private ownership be instilled upon tropical forests to reduce the rate of deforestation. Free Market Environmentalism (FME) is offered as a solution to the current methodology for the management of tropical forests, as it advocates for private ownership and an enforceable set of rights. Therefore, it is recommended that a private property rights regime following the FME methodology replace existing state property rights in order to stem the tide of tropical deforestation.
{"title":"Tropical Deforestation: Can Property Rights Stem the Tide?","authors":"D. Bayley","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V8I2.3200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V8I2.3200","url":null,"abstract":"In this report the property right structures surrounding tropical forest management are analyzed with a specific case study presented on tropical forests in Honduras. In order to adequately understand the set of property rights in place surrounding tropical forests, the applicable sets of property rights are laid out and explained (private, common, state, and open access). It is argued that the current property rights regimes in place surrounding tropical forests are inadequate and are the issue leading to high levels of deforestation. Conflicts and controversies surrounding the issue are presented for a counterargument and separate view of the issue. It was found that the current property rights regime in Honduras is inadequate for effective resource management as it lacks enforceability along with structure and is the prominent issue surrounding tropical deforestation. Private property rights were the most effective form of property rights found for maintaining natural resources, and it is therefore recommended that private ownership be instilled upon tropical forests to reduce the rate of deforestation. Free Market Environmentalism (FME) is offered as a solution to the current methodology for the management of tropical forests, as it advocates for private ownership and an enforceable set of rights. Therefore, it is recommended that a private property rights regime following the FME methodology replace existing state property rights in order to stem the tide of tropical deforestation.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131910913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Within academic literature on globalization, economic frameworks are often the dominant paradigm. Consequently, the phenomenon has been often been exclusively understood from a monetary perspective, rather than exploring it’s relationship with culture and geography. This paper presents an argument for the inclusion of critical feminist frameworks when studying globalization, by exposing what has been left out and encouraging what needs to be explored. As a entry point for discussing such a broad global contingency, the global apparel industry is primarily focused on; both for it’s rapid expansion as a result of globalization and it’s obvious gendered nature, as more women than men are employed globally along the chain, and are targeted as consumers. The result, is a closer look at the complex relationship between globalization, gender, race and culture. This paper is meant as a taking off point for further research within these parameters and to reinforce the importance of gender studies and critical feminist frameworks.
{"title":"The Importance of a Feminist Analysis within Globalization: a closer look at the global apparel industry.","authors":"Eliza S. Homer","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V8I2.3174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V8I2.3174","url":null,"abstract":"Within academic literature on globalization, economic frameworks are often the dominant paradigm. Consequently, the phenomenon has been often been exclusively understood from a monetary perspective, rather than exploring it’s relationship with culture and geography. This paper presents an argument for the inclusion of critical feminist frameworks when studying globalization, by exposing what has been left out and encouraging what needs to be explored. As a entry point for discussing such a broad global contingency, the global apparel industry is primarily focused on; both for it’s rapid expansion as a result of globalization and it’s obvious gendered nature, as more women than men are employed globally along the chain, and are targeted as consumers. The result, is a closer look at the complex relationship between globalization, gender, race and culture. This paper is meant as a taking off point for further research within these parameters and to reinforce the importance of gender studies and critical feminist frameworks.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122453656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inadequate nutrition is considered to be a leading cause of mortality in the world. Access to quality information about the nutritional quality of food products is essential for making informed decisions in terms of food selection. To this end, nutrition labelling can be used as a tool for helping guide consumers food choices. This review article will examine which consumers use nutrition labels and what types of information they get from them; how nutrition labels influence health choices, dietary habits, and consumer behaviours; and finally, current practices in nutrition labelling and whether this aligns with consumer preferences. Findings from this article are useful for developing methods of nutritional label education and understanding how nutrition labels can be improved to become more useful to consumers. Keywords: health; nutrition labelling; food products; packaging; public education; consumer perception
{"title":"Revealing the truth about nutrition labelling: The age of the confused consumer","authors":"K. Wagner","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V7I3.2914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V7I3.2914","url":null,"abstract":"Inadequate nutrition is considered to be a leading cause of mortality in the world. Access to quality information about the nutritional quality of food products is essential for making informed decisions in terms of food selection. To this end, nutrition labelling can be used as a tool for helping guide consumers food choices. This review article will examine which consumers use nutrition labels and what types of information they get from them; how nutrition labels influence health choices, dietary habits, and consumer behaviours; and finally, current practices in nutrition labelling and whether this aligns with consumer preferences. Findings from this article are useful for developing methods of nutritional label education and understanding how nutrition labels can be improved to become more useful to consumers. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: health; nutrition labelling; food products; packaging; public education; consumer perception","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123009148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Free trade is part of neo-liberal economics, which is centred on the free market principles of limited government regulation and private sector competition. Free trade focuses on the elimination of trade barriers and tariffs. In Canada, the movement toward free trade began in 1985 with the Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada, which encouraged free trade between the United States and Canada, and concluded with the 1988 federal election that sealed Canada’s fate within economic union with the United States. This article will combine a Neo-Marxist and Political Process Theory framework to address how during the period from 1985 to 1988, Canadian social movements adopted innovative tactics and mobilized against free trade to gain greater influence over trade policy. Keywords: free trade; social movements; Canada; United States; Auto Pact; United Steel Workers; Canadian Auto Workers, National Action Committee on the Status of Women; Council of Canadians; Macdonald Commission
{"title":"“Nervous nellies and nay-sayers”: Social movements and Canada-United States free trade","authors":"Spencer Hamelin","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V7I3.2936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V7I3.2936","url":null,"abstract":"Free trade is part of neo-liberal economics, which is centred on the free market principles of limited government regulation and private sector competition. Free trade focuses on the elimination of trade barriers and tariffs. In Canada, the movement toward free trade began in 1985 with the Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada, which encouraged free trade between the United States and Canada, and concluded with the 1988 federal election that sealed Canada’s fate within economic union with the United States. This article will combine a Neo-Marxist and Political Process Theory framework to address how during the period from 1985 to 1988, Canadian social movements adopted innovative tactics and mobilized against free trade to gain greater influence over trade policy. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: free trade; social movements; Canada; United States; Auto Pact; United Steel Workers; Canadian Auto Workers, National Action Committee on the Status of Women; Council of Canadians; Macdonald Commission","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121609820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article uses key terms and concepts from Television Studies to “close read” the reality TV show Duck Dynasty in its visual form. This article questions not only how Duck Dynasty represents rednecks, but also how the representation of the “redneck” is understood by the TV audience. It explores the success of Duck Dynasty as a reality TV show and argues that it redeems “rednecks” from Hollywood’s previous portrayals of the overly caricatured redneck stereotype. The Robertsons have the ability to convey truth – even if it is through a partially fake/mediated realm – and what they actually represent is a more subdued, modern form of redneck identity in comparison to classic Hollywood depictions. However, viewers cannot trust reality TV to wholly or singularly inform how they understand other social groups despite how “real” reality may appear on reality TV shows. Instead of viewing the redneck jokes and portrayal on reality TV as offensive, Duck Dynasty’s jokes and portrayals can be powerful tools for exposing the absurdity of the stereotypes previously perpetuated by Hollywood and can help subvert them. Keywords: Duck Dynasty; Duck Commander; Buck Commander; Robertson; redneck (representations of); reality TV; television studies; hillbilly; Southern culture; stereotypes; sitcom; American dream; American television
{"title":"A defense of the modern, high-tech redneck on reality TV: Why the world loves Duck Dynasty and its resulting redemptive representation of Rednecks","authors":"Sarah McGuire","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V7I3.2972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V7I3.2972","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses key terms and concepts from Television Studies to “close read” the reality TV show Duck Dynasty in its visual form. This article questions not only how Duck Dynasty represents rednecks, but also how the representation of the “redneck” is understood by the TV audience. It explores the success of Duck Dynasty as a reality TV show and argues that it redeems “rednecks” from Hollywood’s previous portrayals of the overly caricatured redneck stereotype. The Robertsons have the ability to convey truth – even if it is through a partially fake/mediated realm – and what they actually represent is a more subdued, modern form of redneck identity in comparison to classic Hollywood depictions. However, viewers cannot trust reality TV to wholly or singularly inform how they understand other social groups despite how “real” reality may appear on reality TV shows. Instead of viewing the redneck jokes and portrayal on reality TV as offensive, Duck Dynasty’s jokes and portrayals can be powerful tools for exposing the absurdity of the stereotypes previously perpetuated by Hollywood and can help subvert them. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Duck Dynasty; Duck Commander; Buck Commander; Robertson; redneck (representations of); reality TV; television studies; hillbilly; Southern culture; stereotypes; sitcom; American dream; American television","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"136 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131240252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danielle K. Lanthier, Kenrick A. Vassall, G. Harauz
Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) is a highly abundant protein in central nervous system (CNS) myelin that has a critical role in its proper formation and functioning. The 21.5-kDa isoform of MBP has been shown to be selectively imported into the nucleus of myelin-producing cells, oligodendrocytes, and may be involved in signaling pathways that affect the formation and recovery of CNS myelin. The first step in understanding potential nuclear binding partners of 21.5-kDa MBP is to characterize the structure of the protein. In this study, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to analyze the structure of 21.5-kDa rmMBP (recombinant murine MBP) in vitro in the presence and absence of Zn2+, an abundant trace metal in CNS myelin that has been suggested to affect MBP structure. Fluorescence spectroscopy with a probe for hydrophobic protein regions showed that Zn2+ may affect the conformation of 21.5-kDa MBP in aqueous solution. Keywords: myelin basic protein (MBP); intrinsically-disordered protein; circular dichroism; fluoresence spectroscopy
{"title":"Biophysical characterization of 21.5-kDa myelin basic protein (MBP) and the effects of zinc on its structure","authors":"Danielle K. Lanthier, Kenrick A. Vassall, G. Harauz","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V7I3.2958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V7I3.2958","url":null,"abstract":"Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) is a highly abundant protein in central nervous system (CNS) myelin that has a critical role in its proper formation and functioning. The 21.5-kDa isoform of MBP has been shown to be selectively imported into the nucleus of myelin-producing cells, oligodendrocytes, and may be involved in signaling pathways that affect the formation and recovery of CNS myelin. The first step in understanding potential nuclear binding partners of 21.5-kDa MBP is to characterize the structure of the protein. In this study, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to analyze the structure of 21.5-kDa rmMBP (recombinant murine MBP) in vitro in the presence and absence of Zn2+, an abundant trace metal in CNS myelin that has been suggested to affect MBP structure. Fluorescence spectroscopy with a probe for hydrophobic protein regions showed that Zn2+ may affect the conformation of 21.5-kDa MBP in aqueous solution. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: myelin basic protein (MBP); intrinsically-disordered protein; circular dichroism; fluoresence spectroscopy","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127025411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel Downey, C. Limebeer, Heather Morris, L. Parker
This study investigates the role of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) in regulating acute and anticipatory nausea in rats using the conditioned gaping model. The animals were systemically pretreated with MJN110, a selective monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor, to enhance endogenous levels of 2-AG. Acute nausea was assessed using the taste reactivity model in which a flavour, saccharin, was paired with the administration of the emetic agent, lithium chloride (LiCl). Anticipatory nausea was assessed using a model of contextually elicited conditioned gaping in which a context was paired with the emetic agent, LiCl. Results indicated that MJN110 at the 10.0 mg kg-1 and 20.0 mg kg-1 dosage significantly attenuated acute and anticipatory nausea, as displayed by the significant reduction in mean number of gapes. This suppression was mediated by CB1 receptor activation as displayed by reversal of such effects when MJN110 was coadministered with the CB1 receptor antagonist, SR 141716. The results suggest that enhancement of endogenous 2-AG levels by MAGL inhibition may have anti-emetic potential. Keywords: 2-arachidonyl glycerol; monoacylglycerol lipase; endocannabinoid; nausea; conditioned gaping; CB1 receptor
{"title":"Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition attenuates acute and anticipatory nausea in rats","authors":"Rachel Downey, C. Limebeer, Heather Morris, L. Parker","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V7I3.3020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V7I3.3020","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the role of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) in regulating acute and anticipatory nausea in rats using the conditioned gaping model. The animals were systemically pretreated with MJN110, a selective monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor, to enhance endogenous levels of 2-AG. Acute nausea was assessed using the taste reactivity model in which a flavour, saccharin, was paired with the administration of the emetic agent, lithium chloride (LiCl). Anticipatory nausea was assessed using a model of contextually elicited conditioned gaping in which a context was paired with the emetic agent, LiCl. Results indicated that MJN110 at the 10.0 mg kg-1 and 20.0 mg kg-1 dosage significantly attenuated acute and anticipatory nausea, as displayed by the significant reduction in mean number of gapes. This suppression was mediated by CB1 receptor activation as displayed by reversal of such effects when MJN110 was coadministered with the CB1 receptor antagonist, SR 141716. The results suggest that enhancement of endogenous 2-AG levels by MAGL inhibition may have anti-emetic potential. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: 2-arachidonyl glycerol; monoacylglycerol lipase; endocannabinoid; nausea; conditioned gaping; CB1 receptor","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115064096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Approximately one third of Canadian seniors experience a fall each year and one quarter suffer serious injuries as a result. Preventative exercise programs are commonly recommended; however, the current methods used to assess the risk associated with these programs do not include the effects of exercise on fall risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acute exercise on balance in elderly individuals. We hypothesized that acute exercise in healthy seniors would negatively affect balance outcome measures in those seniors who had a prior history of at least one fall in the past year. During the study participants were separated into two groups: those who had experienced a fall in the last year (fallers) and those who had not (non-fallers). All participants underwent static and dynamic tests to determine balance outcome measures under fatigued and control (non-fatigued) conditions. To represent the fatigued condition, the Naughton treadmill protocol was used to safely increase heart rate to 60-69% HRmax. Although it was expected that performance in the balance outcome measures would be adversely affected by the acute exercise bout in patients at a high risk of falling, conclusive results could not be drawn as the data collected were all from participants who had not experienced a fall within the past year. However, preliminary results are presented for data collected from six participants classified as non-fallers. Keywords: acute exercise; balance; fall risk; older adults
{"title":"Acute exercise effects on balance outcome measures in healthy older adults: Preliminary results","authors":"Casandra Merrill","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V7I2.2976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V7I2.2976","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately one third of Canadian seniors experience a fall each year and one quarter suffer serious injuries as a result. Preventative exercise programs are commonly recommended; however, the current methods used to assess the risk associated with these programs do not include the effects of exercise on fall risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acute exercise on balance in elderly individuals. We hypothesized that acute exercise in healthy seniors would negatively affect balance outcome measures in those seniors who had a prior history of at least one fall in the past year. During the study participants were separated into two groups: those who had experienced a fall in the last year (fallers) and those who had not (non-fallers). All participants underwent static and dynamic tests to determine balance outcome measures under fatigued and control (non-fatigued) conditions. To represent the fatigued condition, the Naughton treadmill protocol was used to safely increase heart rate to 60-69% HRmax. Although it was expected that performance in the balance outcome measures would be adversely affected by the acute exercise bout in patients at a high risk of falling, conclusive results could not be drawn as the data collected were all from participants who had not experienced a fall within the past year. However, preliminary results are presented for data collected from six participants classified as non-fallers. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: acute exercise; balance; fall risk; older adults","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127960489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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