The right to a minimum standard of living as a basic human right is recognized internationally. As Hernando DeSoto argues in his book, The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else, a clear, legal definition of property rights is essential in an owner’s realization of return to their capital [1]. This would enable an individual in a developing country to raise their standard of living, thus contributing to the recognition of the right to property as a basic human right [2]. The implementation of property rights has become a priority for governments, NGOs, and international development agencies in many countries. While the right to property legally applies to both sexes, it is not extended to women in practice. Amendments to section 6 of the Hindu Succession Act in 2005 legitimized land ownership and inheritance for Indian women [4]. However, the 2006 Agricultural Census indicates that only 10.7% of Indian landowners are women [5]. The failure of implementation of legal changes regarding property rights and women can be attributed to cultural and religious opinions of women, traditional land tenure systems established before British colonial rule, and government bias within legislation. The Indian government must consider preexisting cultural norms and de facto property rights in the employment of new legislations, as they may impose costs on women. In order for changes in legislation to be effective, they must be inclusive of all women of different religious backgrounds, and simultaneous changes across government sectors must be enacted.
{"title":"Land Tenure Rights in India: an analysis of the failure of amendments to the Hindu Succession Act","authors":"Victoria Yang","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1329","url":null,"abstract":"The right to a minimum standard of living as a basic human right is recognized internationally. As Hernando DeSoto argues in his book, The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else, a clear, legal definition of property rights is essential in an owner’s realization of return to their capital [1]. This would enable an individual in a developing country to raise their standard of living, thus contributing to the recognition of the right to property as a basic human right [2]. The implementation of property rights has become a priority for governments, NGOs, and international development agencies in many countries. While the right to property legally applies to both sexes, it is not extended to women in practice. Amendments to section 6 of the Hindu Succession Act in 2005 legitimized land ownership and inheritance for Indian women [4]. However, the 2006 Agricultural Census indicates that only 10.7% of Indian landowners are women [5]. The failure of implementation of legal changes regarding property rights and women can be attributed to cultural and religious opinions of women, traditional land tenure systems established before British colonial rule, and government bias within legislation. The Indian government must consider preexisting cultural norms and de facto property rights in the employment of new legislations, as they may impose costs on women. In order for changes in legislation to be effective, they must be inclusive of all women of different religious backgrounds, and simultaneous changes across government sectors must be enacted.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130694669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cryptozoology, the pursuit of wildlife ignored or discounted by mainstream zoology, emerged as a separate discipline from zoology in 1955 with the publication of Bernard Heuvalmans’ book On the Track of Unknown Animals. Although it is typically associated with pseudoscience, many of the discipline’s advocates assert that cryptozoology should be recognized as a legitimate science. This has proven difficult because of the nature of the discipline and its inability to provide falsifiable evidence. This paper examines crytozoology’s dichotomous separation from zoology; its search for hard evidence to support the existence of obscure creatures including hominids, sea serpents and lake monsters; and its efforts to document in a clear and objective way the existence of such creatures so as to distance itself from paracryptozoology as well as both the media and public’s distorted understanding of the field. This paper argues that by its nature cryptozoology is bound to remain, at worst, a pseudoscience and, at best, a transitional field of research. The example of the discovery of creatures like the giant squid, which left the realm of mythology and became a recognised species of zoology in 2004, provides evidence of both the promises and the inherent problems of the field of cryptozoology.
神秘动物学(Cryptozoology)是对被主流动物学忽视或忽视的野生动物的研究。1955年，随着伯纳德·休瓦尔曼斯(Bernard Heuvalmans)的著作《未知动物的踪迹》(On the Track of Unknown Animals)的出版，神秘动物学作为一门独立于动物学的学科出现了。虽然它通常与伪科学联系在一起，但该学科的许多倡导者主张，应该将密码学视为一门合法的科学。由于这门学科的性质以及它无法提供可证伪的证据，这已被证明是困难的。本文考察了神秘动物学与动物学的两分法;它寻找确凿的证据来支持一些不为人知的生物的存在，包括原始人、海蛇和湖怪;它努力以一种清晰客观的方式记录这些生物的存在，从而使自己与准加密动物学以及媒体和公众对该领域的扭曲理解保持距离。本文认为，就其本质而言，密码学在最坏的情况下注定是一门伪科学，在最好的情况下是一门过渡性的研究领域。2004年，像巨型乌贼这样的生物离开了神话的领域，成为公认的动物学物种，其发现的例子既证明了神秘动物学领域的前景，也证明了其固有的问题。
{"title":"Cryptozoology as a Pseudoscience: Beasts in Transition","authors":"Elizabeth Schembri","doi":"10.21083/surg.v5i1.1341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/surg.v5i1.1341","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptozoology, the pursuit of wildlife ignored or discounted by mainstream zoology, emerged as a separate discipline from zoology in 1955 with the publication of Bernard Heuvalmans’ book On the Track of Unknown Animals. Although it is typically associated with pseudoscience, many of the discipline’s advocates assert that cryptozoology should be recognized as a legitimate science. This has proven difficult because of the nature of the discipline and its inability to provide falsifiable evidence. This paper examines crytozoology’s dichotomous separation from zoology; its search for hard evidence to support the existence of obscure creatures including hominids, sea serpents and lake monsters; and its efforts to document in a clear and objective way the existence of such creatures so as to distance itself from paracryptozoology as well as both the media and public’s distorted understanding of the field. This paper argues that by its nature cryptozoology is bound to remain, at worst, a pseudoscience and, at best, a transitional field of research. The example of the discovery of creatures like the giant squid, which left the realm of mythology and became a recognised species of zoology in 2004, provides evidence of both the promises and the inherent problems of the field of cryptozoology.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115587062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines some of the challenges and opportunities for development in Africa presented by the globalization of production through a qualitative-historical case study analysis of the condition of labour in the garment industry in Madagascar. It argues that this case demonstrates that attempts to incorporate national economies into the global economy on the basis of a comparative advantage in low-value added, labour intensive industries are unlikely to lead to significant development benefits. The paper first develops a historical overview of the development of the Malagasy export garment industry. It is situated within global and local trends towards economic liberalization, the re-orientation of development finance towards foreign direct investment, and the globalization of garment production. Three main structural features of the Malagasy Zone Franche garment industry are emphasized: the centrality of low cost labour, the dominance of low value added labour intensive activities, and reliance on access to markets in the industrialized north. These structural conditions are reinforced by the fluidity and volatility of the sector. The final section considers the impacts of these structures on labour relations in the garment industry. It argues that these structural conditions have kept wages and working conditions chronically poor. This failure to improve the condition of work is indicative of the weak structural position of peripheral economies and the challenges this poses to private sector-led development.
{"title":"Global industries and local development: labour in the Malagasy garment industry","authors":"Nick Bernards","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1480","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines some of the challenges and opportunities for development in Africa presented by the globalization of production through a qualitative-historical case study analysis of the condition of labour in the garment industry in Madagascar. It argues that this case demonstrates that attempts to incorporate national economies into the global economy on the basis of a comparative advantage in low-value added, labour intensive industries are unlikely to lead to significant development benefits. The paper first develops a historical overview of the development of the Malagasy export garment industry. It is situated within global and local trends towards economic liberalization, the re-orientation of development finance towards foreign direct investment, and the globalization of garment production. Three main structural features of the Malagasy Zone Franche garment industry are emphasized: the centrality of low cost labour, the dominance of low value added labour intensive activities, and reliance on access to markets in the industrialized north. These structural conditions are reinforced by the fluidity and volatility of the sector. The final section considers the impacts of these structures on labour relations in the garment industry. It argues that these structural conditions have kept wages and working conditions chronically poor. This failure to improve the condition of work is indicative of the weak structural position of peripheral economies and the challenges this poses to private sector-led development.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122533506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper assesses the “moral panic” framework of Stanley Cohen with reference to panhandling and squeegeeing in Ontario. There are four general tenets of the moral panic model, three of which can be said to have been documented in the case of panhandling in Ontario: a recognized threat (panhandling), a rise in public concern, and punitive control mechanisms established to eliminate the threat. This paper argues that the fourth tenet, a stereotypical presentation of the moral threat to the social order, has not been systematically analyzed, and therefore that is the task of this paper. Specifically, this paper examines the framing used by the mainstream print media in Ontario to construct the panhandling/squeegeeing problem. Articles and letters to the editor were sampled from two mainstream Ontario newspapers, the Toronto Star and the Ottawa Citizen, to examine the mainstream media’s framing of panhandling and squeegee cleaning. This sample was taken between 1995 and 2005, a timeframe which revolves around the implementation of the Ontario Safe Streets Act 2000, which is recognized as the punitive control mechanism designed to eliminate the threat of panhandling. The findings of this paper lead to the conclusion that panhandling in Ontario during the implementation of the Ontario Safe Streets Act does not constitute a classic moral panic by virtue of the role the media played. However, the evidence that punitive control mechanisms were established absent the support of the mainstream media suggests that a deeper understanding of the role of mainstream media as well as political interests is required with respect to framing moral panics.
{"title":"Media Frames of the Ontario Safe Streets Act: assessing the moral panic model","authors":"Michael Bates","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1320","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the “moral panic” framework of Stanley Cohen with reference to panhandling and squeegeeing in Ontario. There are four general tenets of the moral panic model, three of which can be said to have been documented in the case of panhandling in Ontario: a recognized threat (panhandling), a rise in public concern, and punitive control mechanisms established to eliminate the threat. This paper argues that the fourth tenet, a stereotypical presentation of the moral threat to the social order, has not been systematically analyzed, and therefore that is the task of this paper. Specifically, this paper examines the framing used by the mainstream print media in Ontario to construct the panhandling/squeegeeing problem. Articles and letters to the editor were sampled from two mainstream Ontario newspapers, the Toronto Star and the Ottawa Citizen, to examine the mainstream media’s framing of panhandling and squeegee cleaning. \u0000This sample was taken between 1995 and 2005, a timeframe which revolves around the implementation of the Ontario Safe Streets Act 2000, which is recognized as the punitive control mechanism designed to eliminate the threat of panhandling. The findings of this paper lead to the conclusion that panhandling in Ontario during the implementation of the Ontario Safe Streets Act does not constitute a classic moral panic by virtue of the role the media played. However, the evidence that punitive control mechanisms were established absent the support of the mainstream media suggests that a deeper understanding of the role of mainstream media as well as political interests is required with respect to framing moral panics.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131586125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelle Conklin, Jake L’Ecuyer, N. Morgan, Natalie Proracki, T. Schiks, Brad Summerfield, Seth Wasylycia, Glenn Fox
This paper presents a set of arguments claiming that construction of the quarry near Flamborough, Ontario proposed St. Mary’s Cement Inc. should not be permitted. First, the quarry would violate local citizens’ property rights, compromise community health and safety, and incur excessive economic costs. Precautionary measures are insufficient, such that the quarry is expected to irreparably damage drinking water and quality of life. Second, the area proposed for aggregate extraction is mostly undeveloped, containing unique, valuable natural features and ecological linkages. Despite regulation and monitoring according to the provincial Aggregate Resources Act, rehabilitation of the site after aggregate extraction would be inadequate in returning the land to its former condition. This will result in habitat fragmentation and loss of high quality farmland. Furthermore, the construction of the quarry is not permitted under current City of Hamilton zoning regulations; the City of Hamilton, along with the city’s Public Health Services, filed an official objection against construction. Finally, a GIS study has selected a more suitable alternative site for aggregate extraction near Carlisle, which meets the geographic, topographic, and mineral needs of St. Mary’s Cement Group without disturbing habitat or nearby communities.
{"title":"“The quarry proposed by St Marys Cement Inc. for a location near Carlisle, Ontario should not be permitted” : Proponents’ Brief","authors":"Michelle Conklin, Jake L’Ecuyer, N. Morgan, Natalie Proracki, T. Schiks, Brad Summerfield, Seth Wasylycia, Glenn Fox","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1338","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a set of arguments claiming that construction of the quarry near Flamborough, Ontario proposed St. Mary’s Cement Inc. should not be permitted. First, the quarry would violate local citizens’ property rights, compromise community health and safety, and incur excessive economic costs. Precautionary measures are insufficient, such that the quarry is expected to irreparably damage drinking water and quality of life. Second, the area proposed for aggregate extraction is mostly undeveloped, containing unique, valuable natural features and ecological linkages. Despite regulation and monitoring according to the provincial Aggregate Resources Act, rehabilitation of the site after aggregate extraction would be inadequate in returning the land to its former condition. This will result in habitat fragmentation and loss of high quality farmland. Furthermore, the construction of the quarry is not permitted under current City of Hamilton zoning regulations; the City of Hamilton, along with the city’s Public Health Services, filed an official objection against construction. Finally, a GIS study has selected a more suitable alternative site for aggregate extraction near Carlisle, which meets the geographic, topographic, and mineral needs of St. Mary’s Cement Group without disturbing habitat or nearby communities.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132261985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following three papers were developed by one of the three lab sections of ENVS 4300, Environmental Law, in the fall semester of 2010. During the course, students participate in a series of three role playing exercises involving three environmental topics. Over the course of the semester, each student is part of three teams: one that makes a case in support of an assigned environmental proposition, one that makes a case against an assigned environmental proposition and one that conducts an impartial adjudication of a dispute. The two contending teams also cross examine their opponents as part of the process. The following three papers are based on the submissions of the two opposing sides in one of the disputes in the fall semester, 2010, as well as on the adjudicators report. These reports were produced to address the third dispute topic of the semester, “The quarry proposed by the St. Mary’s Cement Company for a location near Carlisle, Ontario, should not be permitted.”
{"title":"“The quarry proposed by St Marys Cement Inc. for a location near Carlisle, Ontario should not be permitted” : Introduction","authors":"Glenn Fox","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1337","url":null,"abstract":"The following three papers were developed by one of the three lab sections of ENVS 4300, Environmental Law, in the fall semester of 2010. During the course, students participate in a series of three role playing exercises involving three environmental topics. Over the course of the semester, each student is part of three teams: one that makes a case in support of an assigned environmental proposition, one that makes a case against an assigned environmental proposition and one that conducts an impartial adjudication of a dispute. The two contending teams also cross examine their opponents as part of the process. The following three papers are based on the submissions of the two opposing sides in one of the disputes in the fall semester, 2010, as well as on the adjudicators report. These reports were produced to address the third dispute topic of the semester, “The quarry proposed by the St. Mary’s Cement Company for a location near Carlisle, Ontario, should not be permitted.”","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123742787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioventing is an increasingly popular means of removing hazardous petroleum products from sites contaminated by industry and underground gasoline storage tanks. A mesoscale bioventing reactor system was used to determine the rate of bioremediation and compared to previous work completed on smaller scale reactors. Ten 4kg reactors with two different soil types were spiked with synthetic gasoline to an initial concentration of 4000mg/kg soil. Vacuum was then applied at a rate of 1mL/min, with sufficient water levels monitored and maintained to induce bioventing conditions. Gas chromatography was used to determine concentrations of synthetic gasoline in soil every two days for each soil type. Results indicate a smaller scale up factor for sandy soils (Delhi), than for clayey soils (Elora). Furthermore it was observed that slower decay rates exist as reactor size increases, suggesting that conservative estimates are needed when transferring lab results to the field.
{"title":"Determining a Bioventing Scale-Up Factor","authors":"Michael A. Beswick, R. Zytner","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1257","url":null,"abstract":"Bioventing is an increasingly popular means of removing hazardous petroleum products from sites contaminated by industry and underground gasoline storage tanks. A mesoscale bioventing reactor system was used to determine the rate of bioremediation and compared to previous work completed on smaller scale reactors. Ten 4kg reactors with two different soil types were spiked with synthetic gasoline to an initial concentration of 4000mg/kg soil. Vacuum was then applied at a rate of 1mL/min, with sufficient water levels monitored and maintained to induce bioventing conditions. Gas chromatography was used to determine concentrations of synthetic gasoline in soil every two days for each soil type. Results indicate a smaller scale up factor for sandy soils (Delhi), than for clayey soils (Elora). Furthermore it was observed that slower decay rates exist as reactor size increases, suggesting that conservative estimates are needed when transferring lab results to the field.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129109517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Alm, Kathryn Falk, T. Nightingale, Zachary Zehr, M. Moussa
Energy costs represent a significant expense in the brewing of beer, and it is in a company’s best interest to minimize these costs. Due to the high organic loading processed by the on-site wastewater treatment plant at Sleeman Breweries in Guelph, Ontario, a large amount of biogas is generated, which could be used as an energy source and revenue stream for the brewery. The purpose of this project is to design a system that will make use of the wasted biogas to benefit the company. First a preliminary analysis of several design alternatives was conducted in order to determine the best option. Through this analysis it was determined that a pretreatment and piping system, along with boiler modifications would be the most cost effective method of dealing with the biogas. This system would save the brewery approximately $134,000 in the first year it was implemented, and have a payback period of approximately 5 years. Therefore, it is recommended that Sleeman Breweries consider moving forward with the proposed biogas recovery system. This report describes the detailed research, calculations, and modeling completed to design this system in order to present with confidence the optimal solution to Sleeman Breweries.
{"title":"Sleeman Biogas Boiler System Design","authors":"P. Alm, Kathryn Falk, T. Nightingale, Zachary Zehr, M. Moussa","doi":"10.21083/surg.v5i1.1199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/surg.v5i1.1199","url":null,"abstract":"Energy costs represent a significant expense in the brewing of beer, and it is in a company’s best interest to minimize these costs. Due to the high organic loading processed by the on-site wastewater treatment plant at Sleeman Breweries in Guelph, Ontario, a large amount of biogas is generated, which could be used as an energy source and revenue stream for the brewery. The purpose of this project is to design a system that will make use of the wasted biogas to benefit the company. First a preliminary analysis of several design alternatives was conducted in order to determine the best option. Through this analysis it was determined that a pretreatment and piping system, along with boiler modifications would be the most cost effective method of dealing with the biogas. This system would save the brewery approximately $134,000 in the first year it was implemented, and have a payback period of approximately 5 years. Therefore, it is recommended that Sleeman Breweries consider moving forward with the proposed biogas recovery system. This report describes the detailed research, calculations, and modeling completed to design this system in order to present with confidence the optimal solution to Sleeman Breweries.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132168787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical anthropological theory may be understood in two ways: first as a set of anthropological concepts and second as the application of these concepts. The theoretical concepts themselves are rarely challenged because they have been fairly well developed. However, the approach to theory and its application has traditionally been underdeveloped and thus requires more thought and practice among anthropologists. This paper asserts that a particularly clear example of the problem with the approach to and application of medical anthropological theory can be viewed in the context of clinically applied medical anthropology (CAMA). I examine two medical anthropological concepts that applied medical anthropologists use in their dealings with clinicians – critical medical anthropology and the culture concept. In doing this, I demonstrate that although these concepts are useful and clinicians need to employ them, there are a number of problems with the theoretical approach. I argue that these problems limit the application of these concepts to CAMA and offer preliminary suggestions to resolve them. In particular, clinically applied anthropologists employing critical theory should work to present a more balanced view of the clinic and physician. In addition, anthropologists working in the clinical setting must update the CAMA literature to ensure a thorough assessment of the current use of anthropological knowledge and concepts – such as culture – in medical schools and clinics.
{"title":"Examining Medical Anthropological Theory as a catalyst for the failure of Clinically Applied Medical Anthropology","authors":"L. Wallace","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1319","url":null,"abstract":"Medical anthropological theory may be understood in two ways: first as a set of anthropological concepts and second as the application of these concepts. The theoretical concepts themselves are rarely challenged because they have been fairly well developed. However, the approach to theory and its application has traditionally been underdeveloped and thus requires more thought and practice among anthropologists. This paper asserts that a particularly clear example of the problem with the approach to and application of medical anthropological theory can be viewed in the context of clinically applied medical anthropology (CAMA). I examine two medical anthropological concepts that applied medical anthropologists use in their dealings with clinicians – critical medical anthropology and the culture concept. In doing this, I demonstrate that although these concepts are useful and clinicians need to employ them, there are a number of problems with the theoretical approach. I argue that these problems limit the application of these concepts to CAMA and offer preliminary suggestions to resolve them. In particular, clinically applied anthropologists employing critical theory should work to present a more balanced view of the clinic and physician. In addition, anthropologists working in the clinical setting must update the CAMA literature to ensure a thorough assessment of the current use of anthropological knowledge and concepts – such as culture – in medical schools and clinics.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128936769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper attempts to identify the differences between apolitical perspectives and political ecology approaches to regional socio-environmental issues by delineating the Maoist (Naxal) insurgency in India, using the respective camps of interpretation. A Malthusian view of the issue, within the theory of Eco-Scarcity, is briefly examined. The bulk of this report will pay attention to Environmental Conflict method of describing the rural uprising within the setting of social hierarchies expressed through resource appropriation. The resource categories discussed are agricultural lands, water, forests, and mineral ores.
{"title":"The Maoist movement and peasant struggle: political ecology approach","authors":"Remy N. Bargout, Noella J. Gray","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1335","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to identify the differences between apolitical perspectives and political ecology approaches to regional socio-environmental issues by delineating the Maoist (Naxal) insurgency in India, using the respective camps of interpretation. A Malthusian view of the issue, within the theory of Eco-Scarcity, is briefly examined. The bulk of this report will pay attention to Environmental Conflict method of describing the rural uprising within the setting of social hierarchies expressed through resource appropriation. The resource categories discussed are agricultural lands, water, forests, and mineral ores.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128990800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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