Within the illustrations of the ninth century Utrecht Psalter, groupings of multiple people with no imperative role in the narrative are found in large numbers. This inclusion is unique and with clear intention, and unlike other non-essential pictorial elements in the composition such as foliage or buildings, all of these figures are drawn to completion. As the images in the Utrecht Psalter show consistency in their measurements on the page, as well as through the scale of elements within the actual illustrations, direct comparisons can be made on how these figures are employed in the scene. By using digital applications to create a compositional overlay of all these groups, a concentration of figures on the left and right sides of the image is observed. This article suggests that such an arrangement provides a readable image, with human groups added in order to encourage engagement with the text of the Psalter and aid in remembering its messages. Keywords: Utrecht Psalter; medieval literacy; manuscript illustration; image composition; digital humanities; artwork engagement
{"title":"Reading and relating: Digitally tracing human groupings in the illustrations of the Utrecht Psalter","authors":"Stephanie Caskenette","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V7I1.2824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V7I1.2824","url":null,"abstract":"Within the illustrations of the ninth century Utrecht Psalter, groupings of multiple people with no imperative role in the narrative are found in large numbers. This inclusion is unique and with clear intention, and unlike other non-essential pictorial elements in the composition such as foliage or buildings, all of these figures are drawn to completion. As the images in the Utrecht Psalter show consistency in their measurements on the page, as well as through the scale of elements within the actual illustrations, direct comparisons can be made on how these figures are employed in the scene. By using digital applications to create a compositional overlay of all these groups, a concentration of figures on the left and right sides of the image is observed. This article suggests that such an arrangement provides a readable image, with human groups added in order to encourage engagement with the text of the Psalter and aid in remembering its messages. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Utrecht Psalter; medieval literacy; manuscript illustration; image composition; digital humanities; artwork engagement","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134413892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
University of Guelph undergraduate students have been struggling to independently identify macroinvertebrates using dichotomous keys in the Biology of Polluted Waters course (BIOL*4350). The course currently uses dichotomous keys that lack definitions of complex anatomical terms and illustrations that place features in the context of the whole organism. This results in taxonomic bias, whereby some macroinvertebrate families are ignored in subsampling, especially for Ephemeroptera (mayflies). This is of particular concern to biotic assessment of stream quality that uses Ephemeroptera as biological indicators. An updated dichotomous key for Ephemeroptera with illustrations and definitions of anatomical terms integrated within the text of the key was developed at the University of Guelph in Winter 2012. The generation of the key utilized a local macroinvertebrate collection, published literature and existing keys. The effectiveness of the updated key was tested against the BIOL*4350 key by comparing the number of correct identifications produced by undergraduate student volunteers using both keys. Additionally, the number of correct identifications by student volunteers who had previously taken BIOL*4350 (n=18) and those who had not taken the course (n=40) were compared. It was predicted that students who had previously taken BIOL*4350 would produce more correct identifications than students who had not. The new key had a significantly higher proportion of correct identifications than the old key (p<0.01). No significant difference in identification ability existed between students who had or had not taken BIOL*4350 (p= 0.53 and p=0.38). These results suggest the key developed through this investigation is a good starting point to develop similar keys and improve dichotomous identification in BIOL*4350 as well as other courses. Keywords: dichotomous key; undergraduate teaching; macroinvertebrate, Ephemeroptera
{"title":"Improving dichotomous keys for undergraduate teaching","authors":"Lisa Vollbrecht, marie Thérèse Rush, K. Cottenie","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V7I1.2750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V7I1.2750","url":null,"abstract":"University of Guelph undergraduate students have been struggling to independently identify macroinvertebrates using dichotomous keys in the Biology of Polluted Waters course (BIOL*4350). The course currently uses dichotomous keys that lack definitions of complex anatomical terms and illustrations that place features in the context of the whole organism. This results in taxonomic bias, whereby some macroinvertebrate families are ignored in subsampling, especially for Ephemeroptera (mayflies). This is of particular concern to biotic assessment of stream quality that uses Ephemeroptera as biological indicators. An updated dichotomous key for Ephemeroptera with illustrations and definitions of anatomical terms integrated within the text of the key was developed at the University of Guelph in Winter 2012. The generation of the key utilized a local macroinvertebrate collection, published literature and existing keys. The effectiveness of the updated key was tested against the BIOL*4350 key by comparing the number of correct identifications produced by undergraduate student volunteers using both keys. Additionally, the number of correct identifications by student volunteers who had previously taken BIOL*4350 (n=18) and those who had not taken the course (n=40) were compared. It was predicted that students who had previously taken BIOL*4350 would produce more correct identifications than students who had not. The new key had a significantly higher proportion of correct identifications than the old key (p<0.01). No significant difference in identification ability existed between students who had or had not taken BIOL*4350 (p= 0.53 and p=0.38). These results suggest the key developed through this investigation is a good starting point to develop similar keys and improve dichotomous identification in BIOL*4350 as well as other courses. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: dichotomous key; undergraduate teaching; macroinvertebrate, Ephemeroptera","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"47 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121192113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ZOO*4300 (Marine Biology and Oceanography) is a senior-level field course offered by the Department of Integrative Biology at the University of Guelph. This two-week course is held at the Huntsman Marine Science Centre in St. Andrew’s New Brunswick, Canada. Students enrolled in the course study various aspects of the ecology, behaviour, physiology, biochemistry and genetics of marine organisms using a variety of oceanographic techniques. The course also includes group exercises to study various intertidal and sub-tidal environments as well as boat cruises to collect plankton, benthic invertebrates, marine fish, and to observe marine mammals. The course provides excellent opportunities for students to familiarize themselves with state-of-the-art techniques involved in various branches of marine biology and oceanography and conduct an individual research project. This feature highlights three individual research projects by University of Guelph students. More information about the field course in marine biology and oceanography is accessible at the following link: http://www.uoguelph.ca/ib/undergrad/fieldcourses_marine.shtml.
{"title":"Three short studies from field studies in marine biology and oceanography","authors":"M. Barry, S. Ferraro, Kaitlyn Wagner","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V6I2.2208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V6I2.2208","url":null,"abstract":"ZOO*4300 (Marine Biology and Oceanography) is a senior-level field course offered by the Department of Integrative Biology at the University of Guelph. This two-week course is held at the Huntsman Marine Science Centre in St. Andrew’s New Brunswick, Canada. Students enrolled in the course study various aspects of the ecology, behaviour, physiology, biochemistry and genetics of marine organisms using a variety of oceanographic techniques. The course also includes group exercises to study various intertidal and sub-tidal environments as well as boat cruises to collect plankton, benthic invertebrates, marine fish, and to observe marine mammals. The course provides excellent opportunities for students to familiarize themselves with state-of-the-art techniques involved in various branches of marine biology and oceanography and conduct an individual research project. This feature highlights three individual research projects by University of Guelph students. More information about the field course in marine biology and oceanography is accessible at the following link: http://www.uoguelph.ca/ib/undergrad/fieldcourses_marine.shtml.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126692578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biofilms are increasingly being regarded as the predominant form of bacterial growth in natural settings. These structures consist of bacterial cells immobilized at a surface and encased in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. In clinical settings, biofilms are the cause of persistent infections that are difficult to clear through the action of the host immune system. Biofilm-encased cells are also associated with increased levels of antibiotic resistance compared to their planktonic counterparts. The result is increased morbidity and mortality when biofilms are associated with disease. In this review, the focus of discussion will be the various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance common to biofilms and the role these mechanisms play in the pathogenesis of major clinically-relevant microorganisms. Antibiotic penetration, altered microenvironments, phenotypic variation, and adaptive resistance mechanisms are all key players in the development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms. Though the relative significance of each individual mechanism varies, when combined they confer extensive protection to the biofilm’s cellular populations. Keywords: biofilms; antibiotic resistance (mechanisms of); clinical applications; disease; antibiotic penetration; altered microenvironments; phenotypic variation; adaptive resistance; review
{"title":"Peering into the matrix: A look at biofilms and their inherent antibiotic resistance","authors":"K. J. Stinson","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V6I2.2201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V6I2.2201","url":null,"abstract":"Biofilms are increasingly being regarded as the predominant form of bacterial growth in natural settings. These structures consist of bacterial cells immobilized at a surface and encased in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. In clinical settings, biofilms are the cause of persistent infections that are difficult to clear through the action of the host immune system. Biofilm-encased cells are also associated with increased levels of antibiotic resistance compared to their planktonic counterparts. The result is increased morbidity and mortality when biofilms are associated with disease. In this review, the focus of discussion will be the various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance common to biofilms and the role these mechanisms play in the pathogenesis of major clinically-relevant microorganisms. Antibiotic penetration, altered microenvironments, phenotypic variation, and adaptive resistance mechanisms are all key players in the development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms. Though the relative significance of each individual mechanism varies, when combined they confer extensive protection to the biofilm’s cellular populations. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: biofilms; antibiotic resistance (mechanisms of); clinical applications; disease; antibiotic penetration; altered microenvironments; phenotypic variation; adaptive resistance; review","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124047608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article uses critical discourse on the genre of literary journalism to conceptualize machismo as a primary means of representing the male gender in Mexico. The way gender and machismo are socially constructed and the stories Mexican men tell themselves about machismo influences their performance of it. This article addresses issues of gender representation and discusses what literary techniques authors of literary journalism employ to investigate the construction of Mexican masculinity. Modern day conceptions of machismo are still associated with traditional connotations of hyper-masculinity; it is a socially prescribed role internalized as the public ideal acting to inform women of societal expectations of men. Engrained deep in the culture, machismo is to a degree exacerbated by alcohol, leading to violence and spousal abuse. One major question is whether literary journalism can lead to a greater truth if authors use stylistic techniques that limit the reader’s understanding of how conclusions were formed. However, this question is inconsequential if it can lead people to find their own truths and start social change. Whether the actual connotations of machismo within the Mexican culture are changing is minor compared to whether Mexicans can reach a higher truth by negotiating the representation of gender and machismo in their own lives. How machismo is represented can lead to social change as stories are constantly changing. Keywords: machismo (representations of); male gender (social constructions of); gender representation; Mexico; stylistic techniques (writing); literary journalism
{"title":"The representation of machismo in literary journalism: How Luis Alberto Urrea, Ruben Martinez, and Mexicans narrate stories of machismo","authors":"Sarah McGuire","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V6I2.2062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V6I2.2062","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses critical discourse on the genre of literary journalism to conceptualize machismo as a primary means of representing the male gender in Mexico. The way gender and machismo are socially constructed and the stories Mexican men tell themselves about machismo influences their performance of it. This article addresses issues of gender representation and discusses what literary techniques authors of literary journalism employ to investigate the construction of Mexican masculinity. Modern day conceptions of machismo are still associated with traditional connotations of hyper-masculinity; it is a socially prescribed role internalized as the public ideal acting to inform women of societal expectations of men. Engrained deep in the culture, machismo is to a degree exacerbated by alcohol, leading to violence and spousal abuse. One major question is whether literary journalism can lead to a greater truth if authors use stylistic techniques that limit the reader’s understanding of how conclusions were formed. However, this question is inconsequential if it can lead people to find their own truths and start social change. Whether the actual connotations of machismo within the Mexican culture are changing is minor compared to whether Mexicans can reach a higher truth by negotiating the representation of gender and machismo in their own lives. How machismo is represented can lead to social change as stories are constantly changing. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: machismo (representations of); male gender (social constructions of); gender representation; Mexico; stylistic techniques (writing); literary journalism","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128973073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
First licensed by the Master of the Revels in 1622, The Changeling opened to London playgoers who were in some measure familiar with Bacon's praise of inductive reasoning in Novum Organum (1620). It is therefore of note to find that the protagonist of Middleton and Rowley's play, Beatrice-Joanna, consistently undermines what Michael Neill describes as "the ... correspondence of outward appearance and inward reality” (xx); induction cannot reveal moral worth. The closet of experimentation that contains this incongruously unchaste virgin thus transforms into a cabinet of curiosities whose contents resist accepted logic and simple assumptions. Keywords: The Changeling (Middleton, Thomas and Rowley, William); Novum Organum (Bacon, Francis); metaphysics; empirical (Baconian) method (rejection of); cabinet of curiosities; literary interpretation
{"title":"'The Changeling,' or how Bacon’s closet becomes the cabinet of curiosities","authors":"A. Slinger","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V6I2.2216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V6I2.2216","url":null,"abstract":"First licensed by the Master of the Revels in 1622, The Changeling opened to London playgoers who were in some measure familiar with Bacon's praise of inductive reasoning in Novum Organum (1620). It is therefore of note to find that the protagonist of Middleton and Rowley's play, Beatrice-Joanna, consistently undermines what Michael Neill describes as \"the ... correspondence of outward appearance and inward reality” (xx); induction cannot reveal moral worth. The closet of experimentation that contains this incongruously unchaste virgin thus transforms into a cabinet of curiosities whose contents resist accepted logic and simple assumptions. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: The Changeling (Middleton, Thomas and Rowley, William); Novum Organum (Bacon, Francis); metaphysics; empirical (Baconian) method (rejection of); cabinet of curiosities; literary interpretation","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131689356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Gale, J. Trant, T. Schiks, Jake L’Ecuyer, C. Jackson, N. Thevathasan, A. Gordon
Afforestation, the establishment of trees in areas that have not been forested for at least 50 years, is one possible approach for carbon (C) sequestration to mitigate climate change. This study compares the costs and benefits of afforestation as a carbon sequestration strategy for Eden Mills, a village within Wellington County, Ontario, Canada aiming to achieve C neutrality. We provide net present value analyses for three potential planting schemes under subsidized and unsubsidized financial scenarios that aim to sequester 2012 tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) using traditional and novel calculations of C sequestration rates. We present the total project costs, the optimal price of C, and the potential for afforestation as a C sequestration tool in southern Ontario. Planting schemes employ mixtures of tree species common to the region. Unsubsidized schemes are projected to cost between $617,976-$1,499,904 (CAD) with the optimal price of CO2 between $6.15-$14.91 per tonne of C sequestered. A deciduous-dominated planting scheme requiring 24 hectares of land resulted in the lowest cost for all scenarios. Our analyses suggest that: 1) fast-growing tree species make afforestation projects more cost-effective, reducing costs by 29-59%; and 2) land management subsidies available to the region reduce costs by approximately 10%. Future cost-benefit analyses for afforestation projects should consider site-specific C sequestration rates and parameter sensitivity analysis when quantifying C absorption. Keywords: greenhouse gases; carbon sequestration; afforestation; cost-benefit analysis; net present value
{"title":"An economic analysis of afforestation as a carbon sequestration strategy in southwestern Ontario, Canada","authors":"N. Gale, J. Trant, T. Schiks, Jake L’Ecuyer, C. Jackson, N. Thevathasan, A. Gordon","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V6I2.2003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V6I2.2003","url":null,"abstract":"Afforestation, the establishment of trees in areas that have not been forested for at least 50 years, is one possible approach for carbon (C) sequestration to mitigate climate change. This study compares the costs and benefits of afforestation as a carbon sequestration strategy for Eden Mills, a village within Wellington County, Ontario, Canada aiming to achieve C neutrality. We provide net present value analyses for three potential planting schemes under subsidized and unsubsidized financial scenarios that aim to sequester 2012 tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) using traditional and novel calculations of C sequestration rates. We present the total project costs, the optimal price of C, and the potential for afforestation as a C sequestration tool in southern Ontario. Planting schemes employ mixtures of tree species common to the region. Unsubsidized schemes are projected to cost between $617,976-$1,499,904 (CAD) with the optimal price of CO2 between $6.15-$14.91 per tonne of C sequestered. A deciduous-dominated planting scheme requiring 24 hectares of land resulted in the lowest cost for all scenarios. Our analyses suggest that: 1) fast-growing tree species make afforestation projects more cost-effective, reducing costs by 29-59%; and 2) land management subsidies available to the region reduce costs by approximately 10%. Future cost-benefit analyses for afforestation projects should consider site-specific C sequestration rates and parameter sensitivity analysis when quantifying C absorption. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: greenhouse gases; carbon sequestration; afforestation; cost-benefit analysis; net present value","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128728305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gustav Meyrink’s novel Der Golem [The Golem], published in 1915, and Leo Perutz’s 1953 novel Nachts unter der steinernen Brucke [By Night under the Stone Bridge] communicate the authors’ image of the Jewish experience and treatment during the period of the twentieth century. Uncanny and fantastical elements are used throughout both texts to help portray the Jewish condition. Meyrink conveys the animosity between nationalistic Jews and middle-class assimilated Jews and highlights the rising anti-Semitism among Gentiles by associating Jews with the decay and corruption of modernity. At the same time, however, Jews are also depicted as a model of higher spirituality. Nachts unter der steinernen Brucke places the Holocaust within the greater context of Jewish history and conveys Perutz’s assessment that the tragedy of the Holocaust is one in a series of devastating events which have plagued the Jewish people. Moreover, the text casts doubt on the benevolence of Jewish and non-Jewish authority figures and even the mercifulness of God. The doubt raised in the novel regarding central Jewish beliefs mirrors the Jewish experience of disorientation and confusion following the horrors of the Holocaust. Perutz also conveys the need for Jewish history to be passed down to future generations as it is their past which helps form their Jewish identity. Keywords: Der Golem [The Golem] (Meyrink, Gustav); Nachts unter der steinernen Brucke [By Night under the Stone Bridge] (Perutz, Leo); Jewish experience (portrayal of); twentieth century; uncanny and fantastical literature; literary interpretation
{"title":"Gustav Meyrink’s 'Golem' and Leo Perutz’s 'Nachts unter der steinernen Brücke': A literary expression of the Jewish experience during the twentieth century","authors":"C. Vito","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V6I2.2182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V6I2.2182","url":null,"abstract":"Gustav Meyrink’s novel Der Golem [The Golem], published in 1915, and Leo Perutz’s 1953 novel Nachts unter der steinernen Brucke [By Night under the Stone Bridge] communicate the authors’ image of the Jewish experience and treatment during the period of the twentieth century. Uncanny and fantastical elements are used throughout both texts to help portray the Jewish condition. Meyrink conveys the animosity between nationalistic Jews and middle-class assimilated Jews and highlights the rising anti-Semitism among Gentiles by associating Jews with the decay and corruption of modernity. At the same time, however, Jews are also depicted as a model of higher spirituality. Nachts unter der steinernen Brucke places the Holocaust within the greater context of Jewish history and conveys Perutz’s assessment that the tragedy of the Holocaust is one in a series of devastating events which have plagued the Jewish people. Moreover, the text casts doubt on the benevolence of Jewish and non-Jewish authority figures and even the mercifulness of God. The doubt raised in the novel regarding central Jewish beliefs mirrors the Jewish experience of disorientation and confusion following the horrors of the Holocaust. Perutz also conveys the need for Jewish history to be passed down to future generations as it is their past which helps form their Jewish identity. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Der Golem [The Golem] (Meyrink, Gustav); Nachts unter der steinernen Brucke [By Night under the Stone Bridge] (Perutz, Leo); Jewish experience (portrayal of); twentieth century; uncanny and fantastical literature; literary interpretation","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116968211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to investigate the accumulation of platinum (Pt) in C3 plants. In this experiment, radish (Raphanus sativus) and durum wheat (Triticum durum) were chosen as test species and three uncontaminated soils from Simcoe, Elora, and Kettleby, Ontario were chosen to represent a range of soil characteristics. Soils were amended with 0 to 20 mg Pt kg-1, applied as a Pt solution, before plants were exposed to the contaminated soils for 14 days. Statistical analyses using a Linear Model Procedure and a Student-Newman Keuls Test at α=0.05 found a significant different between Pt accumulation and plant type, tissue type, and soil type. Overall, root tissue in all soil and plant types accumulated approximately eight times more Pt than the corresponding shoot tissue (p<0.0001). Soil type also yielded a significant effect on the accumulation of Pt in both durum wheat and radish plants. Simcoe, a sandy soil with a low cation exchange capacity (CEC), had the highest levels of Pt accumulation. Kettleby soil, with the highest CEC and soil organic matter (SOM) yielded the lowest levels of Pt accumulation across all tissue and plant types. Finally, plant type was also statistically significant in Pt accumulation. Radish plants (dicotyledonous) accumulated higher amounts of Pt in comparison to wheat plants (monocotyledonous). It appears that Pt accumulation in plants is moderated by soil physiochemical properties that limit its bioavailability in soil. Limiting Pt in plants should include an assessment of soil bioavailability. Keywords: platinum (accumulation and bioavailability of); (Raphanus sativus) plants; durum wheat (Triticum durum) plants; soil, plant, and tissue type (effects of)
{"title":"A study of platinum accumulation in radish (Raphanus sativus) and durum wheat (Triticum durum) plants","authors":"S. Oke, J. Kikkert, Luba Vasiluk, B. Hale","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V6I2.2260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V6I2.2260","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the accumulation of platinum (Pt) in C3 plants. In this experiment, radish (Raphanus sativus) and durum wheat (Triticum durum) were chosen as test species and three uncontaminated soils from Simcoe, Elora, and Kettleby, Ontario were chosen to represent a range of soil characteristics. Soils were amended with 0 to 20 mg Pt kg-1, applied as a Pt solution, before plants were exposed to the contaminated soils for 14 days. Statistical analyses using a Linear Model Procedure and a Student-Newman Keuls Test at α=0.05 found a significant different between Pt accumulation and plant type, tissue type, and soil type. Overall, root tissue in all soil and plant types accumulated approximately eight times more Pt than the corresponding shoot tissue (p<0.0001). Soil type also yielded a significant effect on the accumulation of Pt in both durum wheat and radish plants. Simcoe, a sandy soil with a low cation exchange capacity (CEC), had the highest levels of Pt accumulation. Kettleby soil, with the highest CEC and soil organic matter (SOM) yielded the lowest levels of Pt accumulation across all tissue and plant types. Finally, plant type was also statistically significant in Pt accumulation. Radish plants (dicotyledonous) accumulated higher amounts of Pt in comparison to wheat plants (monocotyledonous). It appears that Pt accumulation in plants is moderated by soil physiochemical properties that limit its bioavailability in soil. Limiting Pt in plants should include an assessment of soil bioavailability. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: platinum (accumulation and bioavailability of); (Raphanus sativus) plants; durum wheat (Triticum durum) plants; soil, plant, and tissue type (effects of)","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125514475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As access to the Arctic region continues to grow, many land-use issues have become increasingly prominent. The exposure of shorter shipping routes, unresolved maritime boundaries between the bordering states, and most importantly, the plethora of renewable and non-renewable resources in the region have created a strain on international relations between the states bordering the Arctic. Rising global temperatures have created the promise and opportunity of better access to natural resources in the coming years, raising the likelihood of potentially substantial economic gains to the bordering states. However, the current property rights structure in the Arctic, as governed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), dictates that the jurisdiction of each coastal nation state shall not exceed past 200 nautical miles beyond the coastline of each respective state. The goal of this report is to provide an assessment of the basic property rights that govern the Arctic territory in an attempt to illuminate how current and future inefficiencies in natural resource extraction and management can result from a poor property rights structure. The current property rights structure has led to a departure from an efficient allocation of rights and as a result currently operates under an anticommons scenario, while also setting the stage for a tragedy of the commons in the not so distant future. To move away from these sub-optimal outcomes and toward more efficient resource management, open communication, cooperation, and better defined property rights are important components needed to strengthen resource management among Arctic states. Keywords: Arctic land-use and property rights (assessment of); natural resource extraction and management (inefficiencies in); anticommons scenario; tragedy of the commons; Arctic Council; UNCLOS
{"title":"Arctic meltdown: A problematic property rights structure translates into poor resource management","authors":"Olivia Mancuso","doi":"10.21083/surg.v6i2.2210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/surg.v6i2.2210","url":null,"abstract":"As access to the Arctic region continues to grow, many land-use issues have become increasingly prominent. The exposure of shorter shipping routes, unresolved maritime boundaries between the bordering states, and most importantly, the plethora of renewable and non-renewable resources in the region have created a strain on international relations between the states bordering the Arctic. Rising global temperatures have created the promise and opportunity of better access to natural resources in the coming years, raising the likelihood of potentially substantial economic gains to the bordering states. However, the current property rights structure in the Arctic, as governed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), dictates that the jurisdiction of each coastal nation state shall not exceed past 200 nautical miles beyond the coastline of each respective state. The goal of this report is to provide an assessment of the basic property rights that govern the Arctic territory in an attempt to illuminate how current and future inefficiencies in natural resource extraction and management can result from a poor property rights structure. The current property rights structure has led to a departure from an efficient allocation of rights and as a result currently operates under an anticommons scenario, while also setting the stage for a tragedy of the commons in the not so distant future. To move away from these sub-optimal outcomes and toward more efficient resource management, open communication, cooperation, and better defined property rights are important components needed to strengthen resource management among Arctic states. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Arctic land-use and property rights (assessment of); natural resource extraction and management (inefficiencies in); anticommons scenario; tragedy of the commons; Arctic Council; UNCLOS","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125370314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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