Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics最新文献

The World Health Organization (WHO) has shifted from a multiple-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine schedule to a one-dose schedule prioritizing females aged 9-14 y. Given the burden of HPV-associated disease aside from cervical cancer and affecting both sexes, a shift toward emphasizing gender-neutral HPV vaccination strategies may improve vaccination coverage and more comprehensively address HPV-driven disease across both sexes, particularly for low- and middle-income countries.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic accelerated development of various vaccine platforms. Among them, mRNA vaccines played a crucial role in controlling the pandemic due to their swift development and efficacy against virus variants. Despite the success of these vaccines, recent studies highlight challenges in evaluating vaccine efficacy, especially in individuals with prior COVID-19 infection. Weakened neutralizing antibody responses after additional doses are observed in these populations, raising concerns about using neutralizing antibody titers as the sole immune correlate of protection. While neutralizing antibodies remain the primary endpoint in immunogenicity trials, they may not fully capture the immune response in populations with widespread prior infection or vaccination. This review explores reduced neutralizing antibody responses in previously infected individuals, and their impact on vaccine efficacy evaluation. It also offers recommendations for improving efficacy assessment, stressing incorporation of additional immune markers such as cell-mediated immunity to enable more comprehensive understanding of vaccine-induced immunity.

Fear of side effects is the main motive for vaccine refusal. However, before the COVID-19 pandemic, little attention had been paid to the actual experience of adverse events and its relationship with vaccine hesitancy. This scoping review aimed to analyze the impact of VH on EAE and vice versa. We reviewed 55 articles. Most of the studies focused on COVID-19 vaccination and employed cross-sectional surveys with self-reported indicators. These studies identified significant correlations between EAE and VH. Social cognitive models shed some light on the influence of EAE on VH, while the converse is usually explained by the nocebo effect that predominately accounts for the converse. This emerging research field is hampered by significant inconsistencies in theoretical explanations, assessments of the relationship, and measurements of these two phenomena. A more comprehensive consideration of individual experience, both objective and subjective, would help develop more effective vaccine communication strategies and improve pharmacological surveillance.

The objective of this study is to gain insight into the current research frontiers, hotspots, and development trends in the field of immunization programs for women and children, and to provide scientific guidance and reference for follow-up research. Based on all the original research papers related to the research on immunization programs for women and children in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, bibliometric studies and visual analysis were carried out to explore the research frontiers, hotspots and development trends, and to analyze the risk factors affecting the vaccination coverage of immunization programs for women and children. Eight hundred forty-three papers obtained from 1,552 institutions in 96 countries/regions from January 1950 to August 2024, coauthored by 4,343 authors. With the largest number of papers published in the United States (408), Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA (169), Stokley S (15), and Pediatrics (143). The research frontiers of this discipline area mainly involve risk factors affecting the vaccination coverage of immunization programs for women and children, epidemiological surveillance, intervention research, changes in medical burden, adverse reactions, and vaccine development. Research hotspots mainly include measles, vaccine hesitancy, human papillomavirus, coverage, and pregnant women. The findings of the study informed policymakers, public health experts and researchers about the potential for modifying and improving policy systems and interventions related to the immunization programs for women and children. This had important implications for digital transformation and innovative research in health care providers' clinical practice for the immunization programs for women and children.

The emergence of immuno-oncology (IO) has led to revolutionary changes in the field of cancer treatment. Despite notable advancements in this field, a thorough exploration of its full depth and extent has yet to be performed. This study provides a comprehensive overview of publications pertaining to IO. Publications on IO from 2014 to 2023 were retrieved by searching the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC). VOSviewer software and Citespace software were used for the visualized analysis. A total of 1,874 articles have been published in the IO domain. The number of publications and citations has been increasing annually. This study also examines the primary research directions within the field of IO. In conclusion, this study offers a comprehensive overview of the opportunities and challenges associated with IO, illuminating the current status of research and indicating potential future trajectories in this rapidly progressing field. This study provides a comprehensive survey of the current research status and hot spots within the field of IO. It will assist researchers in comprehending the current research emphasis and development trends in this field and offers guidance for future research directions.

The approach of neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer, which involves administering systemic treatment prior to primary surgery, has undergone substantial advancements in recent decades. This strategy is intended to reduce tumor size, thereby enabling less invasive surgical procedures and enhancing patient outcomes. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends in neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer from 2009 to 2024. Using data extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection, a total of 3,674 articles were analyzed to map the research landscape in this field. The analysis reveals a steady increase in publication output, peaking in 2022, with the United States and China identified as the leading contributors. Key institutions, such as the University of Texas System and MD Anderson Cancer Center, have been instrumental in advancing the research on neoadjuvant therapy. The study also highlights the contributions of influential authors like Sibylle Loibl and Gunter von Minckwitz, as well as major journals such as the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Emerging research topics, including immunotherapy, liquid biopsy, and artificial intelligence, are gaining prominence and represent potential future directions for clinical applications. This bibliometric analysis provides critical insights into global research trends, key contributors, and future developments in the field of neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer, offering a foundation for future research and clinical practice advancements.

We report and analyze a case of pilomatricoma in an adolescent after receiving recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (CHO cell) in Chaoyang District of Beijing and to evaluate the causality between the disease and vaccination. Based on the professional branch of this case, we organized a seminar and we invited specialists in vaccinology, epidemiology, dermatology, infectiology, and immunology to participate in the conference. Specialists evaluated the relevance and causality between the vaccination and disease. The clinical diagnosis of the adolescent was pilomatricoma after receiving recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (CHO cell) which could not be disregarded as an adverse reaction following immunization. Although rare, there is a possibility of developing pilomatricoma after vaccination. This suggests that the implementation process of vaccination should be standardized and that the injection site after vaccination should be nursed properly.

Currently, vaccination with influenza vaccines is still an effective strategy to prevent infection by seasonal influenza virus. However, seasonal influenza vaccines frequently fail to induce effective immune protection against rapidly changing seasonal influenza viruses and emerging zoonotic influenza viruses. In addition, seasonal influenza vaccines may not confer potent protection in elderly and immunocompromised individuals. There is an urgent need to develop potent broad-spectrum influenza vaccines to address this problem. Herein, we designed an mRNA-based broad-spectrum influenza vaccine candidate encoding cholera toxin subunit B and conserved antigens of influenza viruses. In both adult and aged mice, this universal influenza mRNA vaccine candidate stimulated robust T-cell and humoral immune responses and conferred effective protection against broad-spectrum influenza viruses in both adult and aged mice.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease of autoimmune origin. T cells play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of RA. Although bibliometric methods have been widely used to synthesize knowledge trajectories across different biomedical fields, it has hardly been used to underscore the knowledge trends in relation to T cell and RA. This study used bibliometric methods to delineate the evolution of research on T cells and RA. Data were sourced from the Web of Science™ Core Collection and were scientometrically analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. From 2014 to 2023, 7037 papers on T cells and RA were retrieved. The number of annual publications is stable between 600 and 800, and the citation frequency continues to rise. The United States, China, the United Kingdom and Japan were the most productive countries. Karolinska Institute, and Harvard Medical School were the institutions that published the most research papers. Wei W, Cho ML, and Park SH were the most prolific authors. Mclnnes IB and Smolen JS were the most frequently cited authors. The journals with the most articles are Frontiers in Immunology, Arthritis Research & Therapy, and Arthritis & Rheumatology. Current research hotspots include pathogenic factors and targeted biological therapy, immune mechanisms, inflammatory mechanisms, and bone destruction mechanisms. The current research frontiers in this field are gut microbiota, identification, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, biologic therapy, mesenchymal stem cells, and risk. This work provides new insights into the scientific research and clinical application of T cells to develop therapeutic targets for RA.