Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240543
Jiayi Wang
In the recent years, the mentions of immunotherapy has become more and more frequent. What emerged along with it are the various types of immunotherapies. This essay includes an introduction to cancer and tumor with the denition, epidemiology, etiology, statistics such as curability regarding types, gender, and race and typical treatments of cancer along with how the immune system functions when targeting tumor cells and how they could potentially disfunction when deceived by tumor cells for example through immune editing. Then, leading on to the main topic to this recent and innovative treatment immunotherapy. This essay emphasizes on two different types of immunotherapy which are dendritic cell therapy, and messenger RNA vaccine discussing their mechanism as separate treatments. Afterwards, Ill proceed to discuss the combination of the two which is known as dendritic cell based mRNA vaccine which is a form of mRNA vaccine and its own mechanism, advantages, eciency and current limitations in the conclusion.
{"title":"The mechanism and eciency of mRNA-based dendritic cell immunotherapy","authors":"Jiayi Wang","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240543","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years, the mentions of immunotherapy has become more and more frequent. What emerged along with it are the various types of immunotherapies. This essay includes an introduction to cancer and tumor with the denition, epidemiology, etiology, statistics such as curability regarding types, gender, and race and typical treatments of cancer along with how the immune system functions when targeting tumor cells and how they could potentially disfunction when deceived by tumor cells for example through immune editing. Then, leading on to the main topic to this recent and innovative treatment immunotherapy. This essay emphasizes on two different types of immunotherapy which are dendritic cell therapy, and messenger RNA vaccine discussing their mechanism as separate treatments. Afterwards, Ill proceed to discuss the combination of the two which is known as dendritic cell based mRNA vaccine which is a form of mRNA vaccine and its own mechanism, advantages, eciency and current limitations in the conclusion.","PeriodicalId":506830,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"33 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240908
Zengjian Tian, Shilong Yu, Yongzhao Zhu
Mitochondrial autophagy plays a crucial role in the development, progression, and treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). A total of 43 genes related to mitochondria were obtained from the scientific literature in Pubmed. To assess the expression of these genes, they were categorized into high and low-scoring groups using the ssGSEA algorithm. Additionally, the infiltration of immune cells in the combined dataset was evaluated using the CIBERSORTx algorithm. To analyze the expression of the selected genes, one-way Cox regression analysis, along with clinical staging variables, was employed. A multifactorial Cox regression model was constructed, and a forest plot was generated to assess the predictive power of the model on the actual outcomes. The accuracy of the model was confirmed by validating the expression of the PINK1 gene and its model through immunohistochemistry. TNBC cancer was categorized into two molecular subtypes (cluster1 and cluster2) based on the MRGs. Finally, a prognostic model was developed using the PINK1 gene, which demonstrated a considerable degree of accuracy. The validity of the PINK1 gene and its model was confirmed through immunohistochemistry, indirectly indicating that PINK1 might serve as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for TNBC.
{"title":"Prognostic value of mitophagy gene PINK1 in triple-negative breast cancer","authors":"Zengjian Tian, Shilong Yu, Yongzhao Zhu","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240908","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondrial autophagy plays a crucial role in the development, progression, and treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). A total of 43 genes related to mitochondria were obtained from the scientific literature in Pubmed. To assess the expression of these genes, they were categorized into high and low-scoring groups using the ssGSEA algorithm. Additionally, the infiltration of immune cells in the combined dataset was evaluated using the CIBERSORTx algorithm. To analyze the expression of the selected genes, one-way Cox regression analysis, along with clinical staging variables, was employed. A multifactorial Cox regression model was constructed, and a forest plot was generated to assess the predictive power of the model on the actual outcomes. The accuracy of the model was confirmed by validating the expression of the PINK1 gene and its model through immunohistochemistry. TNBC cancer was categorized into two molecular subtypes (cluster1 and cluster2) based on the MRGs. Finally, a prognostic model was developed using the PINK1 gene, which demonstrated a considerable degree of accuracy. The validity of the PINK1 gene and its model was confirmed through immunohistochemistry, indirectly indicating that PINK1 might serve as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for TNBC.","PeriodicalId":506830,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140076972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240839
Patrick Mukuo Luo
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) have been major medical concerns across the globe in the past century. These mental disorders are posited to arise from cognitive dysfunctions in the brain and have a critical influence on decision-making and emotional regulation in patients. Therefore, in-depth investigation into decision-making, a crucial composition of the cognitive system, can help uncover the fundamental mechanism of MDD and SUD and their relationship. By reviewing and contrasting decision-making studies of MDD and SUD through Drift Diffusion Models, this paper found that MDD and SUD reflect similar defects and impacts within the decision-making system. To conclude, though MDD and SUD are often seen as two completely unrelated and even contrasting mental conditions, this result suggests that they might be two sides of the same coin.
重度抑郁障碍（MDD）和药物使用障碍（SUD）是上个世纪全球医学界关注的主要问题。这些精神疾病被认为是由大脑认知功能障碍引起的，对患者的决策和情绪调节有着至关重要的影响。因此，深入研究作为认知系统重要组成部分的决策，有助于揭示 MDD 和 SUD 的基本机制及其关系。本文通过漂移扩散模型对 MDD 和 SUD 的决策研究进行回顾和对比，发现 MDD 和 SUD 反映出决策系统内部存在相似的缺陷和影响。总之，尽管 MDD 和 SUD 通常被视为两种完全无关甚至截然相反的精神疾病，但这一结果表明，它们可能是一枚硬币的两面。
{"title":"Studies of SUD and MDDs effect on decision-making based on the drift diffusion model","authors":"Patrick Mukuo Luo","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240839","url":null,"abstract":"Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) have been major medical concerns across the globe in the past century. These mental disorders are posited to arise from cognitive dysfunctions in the brain and have a critical influence on decision-making and emotional regulation in patients. Therefore, in-depth investigation into decision-making, a crucial composition of the cognitive system, can help uncover the fundamental mechanism of MDD and SUD and their relationship. By reviewing and contrasting decision-making studies of MDD and SUD through Drift Diffusion Models, this paper found that MDD and SUD reflect similar defects and impacts within the decision-making system. To conclude, though MDD and SUD are often seen as two completely unrelated and even contrasting mental conditions, this result suggests that they might be two sides of the same coin.","PeriodicalId":506830,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"47 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140077157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240914
Chengxiao Dai
This paper presents a method for breast cancer image detection and classification based on convolutional neural networks. While traditional breast cancer detection methods carry the risk of subjectivity and misclassification, machine learning can improve the accuracy and efficiency of detection by training algorithms to automatically identify breast cancer lesions in patients. The dataset of this paper includes 7909 microscopic images of breast tumor tissues with different magnifications collected from 82 patients, which are divided into two categories: benign and malignant tumors. In this paper, residual connection is designed for convolutional neural networks, which is a cross-layer connection method that can effectively solve the gradient vanishing and gradient explosion problems in deep neural networks, and at the same time, improve the generalization ability and training speed of the model. In this paper, the dataset is divided into training set, validation set and test set according to the ratio of 6:2:2. Through training and validation, the prediction accuracy of the obtained model on the test set reaches 85.5%, which achieves good prediction results in breast cancer image detection and classification. Eventually, the model's loss converged at 0.53 and the AUC was 0.832. The research results in this paper are of great significance for the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Automatic identification and classification of breast cancer images by machine learning algorithms can reduce the subjective judgment of doctors, improve the accuracy and efficiency of detection, and provide important support for the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Meanwhile, the research method and results of this paper also provide reference and reference for image detection and classification of other malignant tumors.
{"title":"Study on breast cancer image detection and classification based on residual connected convolutional neural network (CNN)","authors":"Chengxiao Dai","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240914","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method for breast cancer image detection and classification based on convolutional neural networks. While traditional breast cancer detection methods carry the risk of subjectivity and misclassification, machine learning can improve the accuracy and efficiency of detection by training algorithms to automatically identify breast cancer lesions in patients. The dataset of this paper includes 7909 microscopic images of breast tumor tissues with different magnifications collected from 82 patients, which are divided into two categories: benign and malignant tumors. In this paper, residual connection is designed for convolutional neural networks, which is a cross-layer connection method that can effectively solve the gradient vanishing and gradient explosion problems in deep neural networks, and at the same time, improve the generalization ability and training speed of the model. In this paper, the dataset is divided into training set, validation set and test set according to the ratio of 6:2:2. Through training and validation, the prediction accuracy of the obtained model on the test set reaches 85.5%, which achieves good prediction results in breast cancer image detection and classification. Eventually, the model's loss converged at 0.53 and the AUC was 0.832. The research results in this paper are of great significance for the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Automatic identification and classification of breast cancer images by machine learning algorithms can reduce the subjective judgment of doctors, improve the accuracy and efficiency of detection, and provide important support for the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Meanwhile, the research method and results of this paper also provide reference and reference for image detection and classification of other malignant tumors.","PeriodicalId":506830,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"42 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140076975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240893
Yixuan Gu
This study investigates the effect of pH on enzyme-catalyzed activity, with an emphasis on the involvement of wheat germ acid phosphatase in dephosphorylation processes. Temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration all have a substantial impact on enzyme activity and substrate interaction. Wheat germ acid phosphatase was chosen for this work. The activity of the enzyme in dephosphorylating p-nitrophenyl phosphate (p-NPP) into p-nitrophenol (p-NP) was evaluated using a stopped assay approach. The reaction was stopped by introducing sodium hydroxide, which ionises p-NP and produces a yellow anion visible at 405 nm. The experiment measured product production in nmol per minute and included three sections: Created a standard for the amount of p-NP with its absorbance at 405 nm; Found the ideal incubation period for maximal product generation by wheat germ acid phosphatase; Evaluated the effect of pH on enzyme activity measuring the first reaction velocity in various pH settings. The results showed that when the buffer pH diverged from the ideal value of 5.5, catalysis rates reduced dramatically, implying that high pH levels may modify the protein structure of the enzyme and reduce its catalytic effectiveness. This work emphasises the importance of pH in enzymatic activity and its potential impacts on enzyme structural integrity.
{"title":"The effect of buffer pH on enzyme activity","authors":"Yixuan Gu","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240893","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effect of pH on enzyme-catalyzed activity, with an emphasis on the involvement of wheat germ acid phosphatase in dephosphorylation processes. Temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration all have a substantial impact on enzyme activity and substrate interaction. Wheat germ acid phosphatase was chosen for this work. The activity of the enzyme in dephosphorylating p-nitrophenyl phosphate (p-NPP) into p-nitrophenol (p-NP) was evaluated using a stopped assay approach. The reaction was stopped by introducing sodium hydroxide, which ionises p-NP and produces a yellow anion visible at 405 nm. The experiment measured product production in nmol per minute and included three sections: Created a standard for the amount of p-NP with its absorbance at 405 nm; Found the ideal incubation period for maximal product generation by wheat germ acid phosphatase; Evaluated the effect of pH on enzyme activity measuring the first reaction velocity in various pH settings. The results showed that when the buffer pH diverged from the ideal value of 5.5, catalysis rates reduced dramatically, implying that high pH levels may modify the protein structure of the enzyme and reduce its catalytic effectiveness. This work emphasises the importance of pH in enzymatic activity and its potential impacts on enzyme structural integrity.","PeriodicalId":506830,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140077114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240389
Yilin Lyu
The metabolic syndrome is a trait of metabolic disorders that results from the increasing prevalence of obesity. Clinical manifestations include insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, etc. Populations with high morbidity tend to be middle-aged and elder adults. With the advent of an ageing society, the incidence of metabolic syndrome will be higher. Since diacylglycerol (DAG) oil was first introduced in 1999, it has received extensive attention. DAG oils and related products have been distributed in markets in Japan, Europe, and the United States since 2001. This paper will review the effects of the new dietary oil, DAG, on the metabolic syndrome. It is hoped that DAG oil has the ability to replace traditional triacylglycerol (TAG) oil and control the morbidity of metabolic syndrome. This review article collected recent studies, and the results proved that dietary DAG is effective for reducing postprandial blood lipids and blood glucose, managing weight, and ameliorating insulin sensitivity.
代谢综合征是因肥胖日益普遍而导致的代谢紊乱的一种特征。临床表现包括胰岛素抵抗、高脂血症、高尿酸血症等。高发病人群多为中老年人。随着老龄化社会的到来，代谢综合征的发病率会越来越高。二酰甘油（DAG）油自 1999 年首次问世以来，受到广泛关注。自 2001 年以来，DAG 油和相关产品已在日本、欧洲和美国市场上销售。本文将综述新型膳食油 DAG 对代谢综合征的影响。希望 DAG 油有能力取代传统的三酰甘油（TAG）油，控制代谢综合征的发病率。这篇综述文章收集了近期的研究，结果证明膳食 DAG 能有效降低餐后血脂和血糖，控制体重，改善胰岛素敏感性。
{"title":"Diacylglycerol oil on metabolic syndrome: A Review","authors":"Yilin Lyu","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240389","url":null,"abstract":"The metabolic syndrome is a trait of metabolic disorders that results from the increasing prevalence of obesity. Clinical manifestations include insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, etc. Populations with high morbidity tend to be middle-aged and elder adults. With the advent of an ageing society, the incidence of metabolic syndrome will be higher. Since diacylglycerol (DAG) oil was first introduced in 1999, it has received extensive attention. DAG oils and related products have been distributed in markets in Japan, Europe, and the United States since 2001. This paper will review the effects of the new dietary oil, DAG, on the metabolic syndrome. It is hoped that DAG oil has the ability to replace traditional triacylglycerol (TAG) oil and control the morbidity of metabolic syndrome. This review article collected recent studies, and the results proved that dietary DAG is effective for reducing postprandial blood lipids and blood glucose, managing weight, and ameliorating insulin sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":506830,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"46 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140077183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240885
Yingxun Liu
The continuous development of gene sequencing technology has made the next-generation sequencing technology and the third-generation sequencing technology gradually applied to scientific research, which has greatly improved the efficiency and accuracy of sequencing and reduced the cost. The incidence of tumors in the human population continues to rise, making tumors gradually become one of the most serious diseases that endanger health. In view of the close relationship between gene mutations and tumorigenesis, the progress of gene sequencing technology has a profound impact on clinical research on tumors. In this thesis, literature analysis was used to introduce several gene sequencing technologies and compare them from multiple perspectives. In addition, the causes of tumorigenesis and the role of sequencing technology in the clinical research of human tumors were investigated. This paper found that the third-generation sequencing technology was more efficient than the next-generation sequencing technology, but it was difficult to be widely used due to its lower accuracy. Sequencing technology is of great help to tumor clinical research.
{"title":"Gene sequencing technologies and their application in cancer research","authors":"Yingxun Liu","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240885","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous development of gene sequencing technology has made the next-generation sequencing technology and the third-generation sequencing technology gradually applied to scientific research, which has greatly improved the efficiency and accuracy of sequencing and reduced the cost. The incidence of tumors in the human population continues to rise, making tumors gradually become one of the most serious diseases that endanger health. In view of the close relationship between gene mutations and tumorigenesis, the progress of gene sequencing technology has a profound impact on clinical research on tumors. In this thesis, literature analysis was used to introduce several gene sequencing technologies and compare them from multiple perspectives. In addition, the causes of tumorigenesis and the role of sequencing technology in the clinical research of human tumors were investigated. This paper found that the third-generation sequencing technology was more efficient than the next-generation sequencing technology, but it was difficult to be widely used due to its lower accuracy. Sequencing technology is of great help to tumor clinical research.","PeriodicalId":506830,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240767
Chenyu Liang, Pinyan Rosemary Duan
Multi-omics analysis is a relatively new approach which sets of data are combined for analysis. It integrates the genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data from diseased individuals and is capable of comparing the different changes in levels of each identified molecules with the assist of charts and graphs by information technologies, ultimately proposing potential biomarkers and correlations that are possible targets for cancer drugs. Lung cancer, nowadays is the most common cancer being diagnosed worldwide. Thus, lung cancer, amongst the remaining cancer, should not be overlooked. The pathogenesis and treatment of lung cancer is an urgent problem in the medical field that needs to be researched thoroughly. By integrating this new approach to the most common cancer, we try to find more possibilities for targeted drug development. We analyzed the data from the existing database to find out whether the control group and the disease group were up-regulated or down-regulated to analyze some targets, contributing to the development of targeted drugs.
{"title":"Exploration and determination of lung cancer targets using multi-omics approaches","authors":"Chenyu Liang, Pinyan Rosemary Duan","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240767","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-omics analysis is a relatively new approach which sets of data are combined for analysis. It integrates the genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data from diseased individuals and is capable of comparing the different changes in levels of each identified molecules with the assist of charts and graphs by information technologies, ultimately proposing potential biomarkers and correlations that are possible targets for cancer drugs. Lung cancer, nowadays is the most common cancer being diagnosed worldwide. Thus, lung cancer, amongst the remaining cancer, should not be overlooked. The pathogenesis and treatment of lung cancer is an urgent problem in the medical field that needs to be researched thoroughly. By integrating this new approach to the most common cancer, we try to find more possibilities for targeted drug development. We analyzed the data from the existing database to find out whether the control group and the disease group were up-regulated or down-regulated to analyze some targets, contributing to the development of targeted drugs.","PeriodicalId":506830,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"116 S148","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240895
Acacia Yuan
Cardiomyopathy, a diverse group of heart muscle diseases, poses a significant challenge to global cardiovascular health. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathy, especially the pivotal role of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways in its pathogenesis, remains unclear. The review synthesizes current research findings and highlights the multifaceted interactions between PKA and key cellular components implicated in cardiomyopathy progression. Moreover, this paper unfolds with an exploration of the normal physiological functions of PKA in cardiac cells, emphasizing its role in regulating crucial processes such as excitation-contraction coupling and cellular energy homeostasis. The article navigates through the dysregulation of PKA signaling observed in various forms of cardiomyopathy, including hypertrophic, dilated, and restrictive subtypes. Insightful analyses into the impact of PKA-mediated phosphorylation events on cardiac contractility, ion channel function, and mitochondrial dynamics shed light on the intricate interplay between signaling cascades and disease manifestation. Future clinical trials targeting the PKA signaling pathway are required to seek more effective and precise therapeutic approaches of cardiomyopathy.
{"title":"The role of protein kinase A signaling in cardiomyopathy","authors":"Acacia Yuan","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240895","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiomyopathy, a diverse group of heart muscle diseases, poses a significant challenge to global cardiovascular health. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathy, especially the pivotal role of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways in its pathogenesis, remains unclear. The review synthesizes current research findings and highlights the multifaceted interactions between PKA and key cellular components implicated in cardiomyopathy progression. Moreover, this paper unfolds with an exploration of the normal physiological functions of PKA in cardiac cells, emphasizing its role in regulating crucial processes such as excitation-contraction coupling and cellular energy homeostasis. The article navigates through the dysregulation of PKA signaling observed in various forms of cardiomyopathy, including hypertrophic, dilated, and restrictive subtypes. Insightful analyses into the impact of PKA-mediated phosphorylation events on cardiac contractility, ion channel function, and mitochondrial dynamics shed light on the intricate interplay between signaling cascades and disease manifestation. Future clinical trials targeting the PKA signaling pathway are required to seek more effective and precise therapeutic approaches of cardiomyopathy.","PeriodicalId":506830,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"114 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240903
Xiaofei Wu
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cervical lesions such as cervical cancer in women. Prophylactic vaccines developed against HPV have been widely used, but these vaccines are only effective against certain types of HPV and do not work in people who are already infected. Therefore, the development of therapeutic vaccines is also particularly important. The use of the modified poxvirus (MVA) as a vector for HPV vaccinations has garnered attention in recent years. It has been found that modified poxvirus vaccines are able to combat human papillomavirus infection and have significant safety and efficacy profiles. Based on the study of the distribution of HPV types in different regions and populations, this paper finds that there are differences in the prevalence of high-risk HPV subtypes in different regions, and that a large number of infected people need more effective treatments. At the same time, by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of preventive and therapeutic vaccines, we recognize that both have roles that cannot be replaced by the other in the task of fighting HPV, and that the two vaccines need to be developed together and complement each other in order to minimize the harm of HPV. Based on these findings, this paper provides a constructive reference for future targeted prevention and treatment of HPV in different regions of the world with different HPV distributions.
{"title":"Research and future directions of HPV-related vaccines","authors":"Xiaofei Wu","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/33/20240903","url":null,"abstract":"Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cervical lesions such as cervical cancer in women. Prophylactic vaccines developed against HPV have been widely used, but these vaccines are only effective against certain types of HPV and do not work in people who are already infected. Therefore, the development of therapeutic vaccines is also particularly important. The use of the modified poxvirus (MVA) as a vector for HPV vaccinations has garnered attention in recent years. It has been found that modified poxvirus vaccines are able to combat human papillomavirus infection and have significant safety and efficacy profiles. Based on the study of the distribution of HPV types in different regions and populations, this paper finds that there are differences in the prevalence of high-risk HPV subtypes in different regions, and that a large number of infected people need more effective treatments. At the same time, by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of preventive and therapeutic vaccines, we recognize that both have roles that cannot be replaced by the other in the task of fighting HPV, and that the two vaccines need to be developed together and complement each other in order to minimize the harm of HPV. Based on these findings, this paper provides a constructive reference for future targeted prevention and treatment of HPV in different regions of the world with different HPV distributions.","PeriodicalId":506830,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"99 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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