Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology最新文献

Examination of the antral G-cell density, acid secretion and fasting levels of serum-gastrin were carried out on 20 patients with prepyloric ulcer (within 2 cm of the pyloric ring) and 76 patients with duodenal bulb ulcer. No difference was found in respect to the G-cell density between the group of prepyloric and that with duodenal bulb ulcer, although a lower pentagastrin stimulated acid output and consequently a smaller parietal cell mass appeared to be present in the first group as compared to the second. No relationship was found in either group between fasting levels of serum-gastrin and G-cell density, suggesting that no constant relationship exists between G-cell density and activity under basal conditions. A positive relationship, although statistically insignificant (0.05 less than P less than 0.1) between peak acid output and G-cell density in patients with duodenal bulb ulcer, indicates that in these patients the parietal cell mass and G-cell density are interrelated. The present study could not confirm the entity of antral G-cell hyperplasia in duodenal ulcer patients.

Leiomyosarcoma of the soft tissues is a well-defined and characteristic entity histologically but correlative cytomorphological studies are lacking. A correlative histological and cytological study of 11 cases is presented. The leiomyosarcomas were characterized histologically by elongated tumour cells arranged in bundles intersecting each other at wide angles. The nuclei were elongated and often blunt-ended, tending to be aligned in tandem-position or in rows. The smears from leiomyosarcoma were poor in tumour cells and most cells were arranged in clusters of strands. The characteristic blunt-ended cells and nuclei of leiomyosarcoma could be identified in the smears and the nuclei were focally arranged in rows and sometimes in parallel. Nuclear atypia permits diagnosis of malignancy, although the atypia was generally not very pronounced. We consider that a knowledge of the corresponding histological features is mandatory for differentiating cytologically between various soft tissue sarcomas, including leiomyosarcomas. Further correlative cytological and histological studies of other soft tissue sarcomas are necessary for a more valid interpretation of the smears from leiomyosarcomas.

In a follow-up study of a consecutive series of 1000 patients, who underwent Billroth II resection for duodenal ulcer 22-30 years earlier, the mucosal changes of the gastric stump could be studied by endoscopy and biopsy in 196 cases. At the histological examination only 7.1% of the patients had a normal gastric mucosa: the remaining 92.9% had chronic atrophic gastritis., which was diffuse and most marked at the gastro-jejunostomy. In 7.1% of the cases the inflammation was accompanied by focal accumulation of lipophages. 12.2% had non-neoplastic polyp formation caused either by cystic glandular dilatation of the mucosa at the gastro-jejunostomy, eosinophilic granulomatous polyps or protrusion of the mucosa at the lesser curvature caused by invagination at the resection. 14.8% of the patients had epithelial atypia close to the anastomosis, but no cancers were found, and it is concluded that the presented results do not indicate a cancer prophylactic endoscopic screening of patients treated with Billroth II resection for duodenal ulcer.

The in vitro system was used to study early ultrastructural effects following gamma irradiation of human pituitary adenomas and neurinomas with 30 and 70 Gy single doses, respectively. The acoustic neurinoma cells showed a large number of intracellular myelin figures and vesiculation of cytoplasm. The pituitary tumour cells showed vacuolization of cytoplasm and cell organelles. Occasionally, electron-dense cytoplasmic inclusion bodies with a fibrillar substructure occurred. The differences between the two types of tumours in irradiation-induced morphological changes may indicate differences in their biochemical structure and metabolic activities. The morphological findings after irradiation of specimens from all four neurinomas were rather similar after the same length of time but the structural alterations of pituitary cells differed considerably between individual tumours. The 70 Gy dose caused more rapidly-occurring morphological alterations than the 30 Gy single dose.

Eighty-three non-Hodgkin lymphomas classified according to the Kiel classification have been studied with regard to surface immunoglobulin (sIg) on cells in suspension and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (cIg) by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase method (PAP) on formaline-fixed tissue sections. Fifty-six out of 66 examined (i.e. 85%) revealed a monoclonal staining pattern for sIg, whereas 37/70 (53%) gave a monoclonal staining pattern for cIg by PAP. The methods combined gave a monoclonal staining pattern in 73/83, i.e. in 88%, of the biopsies tested. The discrepancies between the two methods were largest in centroblastic/centrocytic and lymphocytic lymphomas. With regard to the light chain staining patterns, complete agreement between the two methods was obtained in the 20 cases that allowed such analysis to be made. This suggests that the specificity of PAP, as carried out in this study with reagents purified by immunoabsorbent techniques, is satisfactory. On a basis of heavy chain isotypes centroblastic/centrocytic, lymphoplasmacytoid, and immunoblastic lymphomas could be divided into distinct immunological subgroups. In four biopsies the sIg heavy chains were mu + delta, whereas mu + gamma chains were detected by PAP. This finding may be relevant to the mu leads to gamma switch known to occur during normal B-cell differentiation. Immunoglobulin inclusions were found in 8 cases--3 belonging to the immunoblastic group, and 5 to the lymphoplasmacytoid group.

A clinico-pathologic study of a 69-year-old woman with a malignant giant cell tumor of the uterus compatible with malignant giant tumor of soft tissues is presented. The diagnosis was based mainly on light- and electron-microscopic findings, including the demonstration of phagocytic activity of the neoplastic cells. The tumor metastasized to the lung and the patient died a short time after clinical onset. The classification of uterine sarcomas and the differential diagnosis are briefly discussed.

In a retrospective study of 125 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas of the foot treated from 1949 to 1977 the prognostic importance of various histological and clinical factors was observed. Clinical stage, location of tumour on the foot, level of invasion, tumour thickness, mitotic rate, and presence of ulceration correlated well with survival, while sex and histological type did not. A histological transition was found between the superifical spreading type and the acral lentiginous type, indicating a close biological relationship between the two types of melanoma.

The purpose of this retrospective study based on the findings in routinely processed material from fifty-two consecutive cases of prostatic carcinomas is a mathematical calculation of the probability of including a carcinoma in the histological sections from tissue obtained by transurethral resection of the prostate when different embedding practices are followed. The analysis shows that if a material of a composition similar to ours were examined, the calculated probability to include at least one prostatic chip with malgnant tissue in the histological sections would be about 91% if one paraffin-block is made. The probability increases to about 96% when two blocks are used and comes close to 99% with four blocks.

Eleven cases of pulmonary blastoma are presented, the largest series reported from one department to date. The frequency of pulmonary blastoma was found to be 0.5 per cent of all primary lung cancers. The variegated histologic appearance of the tumour and the diverging metastatic pattern are described in detail. In light of the complex histological picture and the biological behavior a suggestion of the histogenesis of pulmonary blastoma is attempted.